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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. Plans. Lincoln’s Plan. 10 % loyalty oath of registered voters Former Confederate officials couldn’t hold office State had to ban slavery. Opposition to Lincoln’s plan. Radical Republicans Lincoln’s plan too lenient Congress should make reconstruction laws

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction Plans

  2. Lincoln’s Plan • 10% loyalty oath of registered voters • Former Confederate officials couldn’t hold office • State had to ban slavery

  3. Opposition to Lincoln’s plan • Radical Republicans • Lincoln’s plan too lenient • Congress should make reconstruction laws • New members from former confederate states (CSA) not seated • Wade-Davis Bill • Majority of males in former CSA had to take loyalty oath • New state constitution would have to ban slavery • Anyone who had supported the CSA couldn’t hold political office

  4. Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth Andrew Johnson, democrat, becomes president

  5. Johnson’s Plan • Those who pledged loyalty would receive amnesty and citizenship • CSA officials and large landowners would have to apply for a pardon • States would have to hold conventions • Ban slavery • Repudiated war debts

  6. Congressional Reconstruction 1866-1877

  7. Radical Republicans • Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner • Wanted to punish southerners • Wanted to change southern ways • Extend the powers of the freedmen’s Bureau • Pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Abolish black codes • Grant equality to blacks • Approved the “Civil War” amendments • 13th- abolished slavery • 14th- made blacks citizens, equal protection of the law • 15th- gave black men the right to vote

  8. Radical Reconstruction • Divided the former CSA into five military districts (except Tenn.) • To protect black civil rights • Commanded by Union generals • Impeached President Johnson • Violation of Tenure of Office Act • Johnson found not guilty • General Ulysses S. Grant elected president 1868

  9. Black Political Leaders African-Americans (AA) Gain Political Office

  10. Positions • State legislators • Lieutenant governors • State treasurers • City councils • South Carolina and Louisiana had the most

  11. Prominent Black Politicians • P.B.S.Pinchback- first black governor (La.) • Hiram Revels- first black senator (Ms.) • Blanche K. Bruce- once presided over U.S. Senate • Joseph Rainey- first black member of the House of Representatives (s.C.)

  12. Republican State Governments • Reforms • Expanded voting rights • Eliminated black codes • Integrated public accommodations and transportation • Open public schools • Opened: hospitals, orphanages, mental institutions • Lowered taxes on the poor • Raised taxes on land owners • Black Institutions • New churches • Colleges: Howard, Morehouse, Hampton

  13. End of Reconstruction Problems with Reconstruction

  14. White Resistance in the south • Loss of political power • Loss of superiority

  15. DEMOCRATS TAKE BACK CONTROL OF SOUTHERN STATES USING VIOLENCE REDEMPTION

  16. Violent Redemption Shotgun Policy-Mississippi Hamburg Massacre White rifle clubs overtook an armory and defeated a black militia. 7 black men murdered and 25 taken prisoner Federal troops had to be called in Effect: intimidated blacks and white Republicans from voting • Violence against: black voters, militia, political leaders, churches, and teachers

  17. Terror Groups • Ku Klux Klan • Knights of the White Camelia • White League

  18. Economic hardship on blacks • Sharecropping: share the crop profit with land owner • Tenant farming: rent the land (can grow what you want) • Both systems created debt • States forbid debtors from leaving the land until debt was paid • Debt could be inherited • Freedman’s Bank collapsed (bad investments; depositors lost their savings)

  19. End of Reconstruction • Declining support of northerners • Reconstruction was expensive • Couldn’t stop southern terrorism of blacks and white Republicans • New Congressional leaders • Corrupt southern officials • Democratic Party began to regain power in the south and in congress • President Grants administration was corrupt • Economic depression of 1873 meant Federal gov’t had to cut spending • Compromise of 1877 • No electoral winner in 1876 presidential election • Republicans get presidency (Rutherford Hayes) • Democrats get federal troops removed from south

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