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Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech. What does POS mean?. The way a word is used in a sentence. Noun. Person, place, thing or idea An example of an idea – Freedom, happiness Types Common (any one of a group) Proper (a specific one) Compound (two words together to make a new noun) Collective (names a group).

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Parts of Speech

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  1. Parts of Speech

  2. What does POS mean? • The way a word is used in a sentence

  3. Noun • Person, place, thing or idea • An example of an idea – • Freedom, happiness • Types • Common (any one of a group) • Proper (a specific one) • Compound (two words together to make a new noun) • Collective (names a group)

  4. Pronoun • Replaces a noun • Antecedent – the word a pronoun is referring to • Types of pronouns – • Personal (refer to person speaking, spoken to or spoken about) • Reflexive/Intensive (self/selves) • Indefinite (refers to one or more unnamed nouns) • Demonstrative (point out a specific noun) • Interrogative (introduces a question) • Relative (introduces a subordinate clause)

  5. Adjective • modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun • Adj will answer one of these questions: • What kind? • Which one? • How many? • Articles – the following words are articles and are ALWAYS adj: • A • An • The

  6. Adj or Pro? Give me that. Vs. Give me that pen. Whose is it? Vs. Whose hat is it?

  7. Noun or Adj? I love bacon. Vs. I had a bacon sandwich. I love to play in the snow. Vs. Let’s build a snow sculpture.

  8. Proper Adj I am going to Maine. Vs. I am going to order the Maine lobster. My favorite painter is Picasso. Vs. We are studying the Picasso painting.

  9. Verbs • Words that express action or otherwise help make a statement • Action Verbs – express action • Ex: go, run • Sometimes express action that cannot be seen • Ex: know, think, believe • Linking Verbs – serves as a link between two words

  10. “To Be” • Be • Being • Am • Is • Are • Was • Were • Should be • Would be • Can be • Could be • Should have been • Would have been • Could have been • Shall be • Will be • Has been • Have been • Had been • Shall have been • Will have been

  11. Other Frequently Used Linking Verbs • Seem • Smell • Sound • Stay • Taste • Turn • Appear • Become • Feel • Grow • Look • Remain

  12. Verb Phrases • (Phrase = 2+ words needed) • Helping (Auxiliary) Verb + Main Verb • Ex: did go, would have finished • Main Verb is USUALLY an action verb

  13. Helping Verbs include all forms of the verb “to be” and: • Should • Would • Could • Might • Must • Do • Did • Does • Have • Has • Had • Shall • Will • Can • May

  14. Compound Verbs • More than one main verb • Ex: studied and reviewed read or write wished and believed

  15. ADVERBS • Modify a Verb • She ran there. • Modify an Adjective • I own a rather old coin. • Modify another Adverb • It was verycarelessly done.

  16. Answer the questions: HOW? WHEN? WHERE?

  17. Go now. • Jump here. • Talk quietly. • a completely full glass • a rather small player • an extremely healthy baby • almost never smiles • walked quite slowly

  18. Prepositions • A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence. • Examples: Sam stood with his cat. Sam stood without his cat. Sam stood like his cat.

  19. The noun or pronoun that follows the preposition is called the Object of the Preposition. • (cat)

  20. A prepositional phrase is the preposition, the object of the preposition, (and its modifiers). • (with his cat) • Prep Phrase = [ Prep + (Adj) + Obj Prep ] (noun)

  21. Prep Phrase sometimes answers the questions: where or when • 1 word – Adv • > 1 word – Prep Phrase • Prep phrases that modify a verb, adj or adv are called Adverb Phrases!

  22. Prep phrases that modify a noun are called Adjective Phrases!

  23. Most often used Prepositions: • Up • Upon • With • Within • Without • Like • Near • Of • Off • On • Over • Past • Since • Through • To • Toward • Under • Until • About • Above • Across • After • Against • Along • Among • Around • At • Before • Behind • Below • Beneath • Beside • Besides • Between • Beyond • By • Concerning • Down • During • Except • For • From • In • Into

  24. Conjunctions • connects or links words or groups of words • ALWAYS connects items of the same kind • bacon and eggs ( 2 nouns ) • run and jump ( 2 verbs ) • Judy wrote down the number, but she lost it. ( 2 complete ideas )

  25. Coordinating Conjunctions • one word and but for or nor yet

  26. Correlative Conjunctions • ALWAYS used in pairs! both … and not only … but also either … or neither … nor whether … or • Either we will buy it now, or we will wait for the next sale. • Both Jim Thorpe and Roberto Clemente were outstanding athletes.

  27. Interjections • An exclamatory word that expresses emotion. It has NO grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. • Wow, that’s hot! • Hey, stop that! • We’re going to the beach. Wonderful! • Ugh! That was awful.

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