Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae

1. Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae

2. Fungi are… • organisms that consume food – mainly breaking down dead and decaying matter • organisms that have a nucleus • organisms that have a cell wall

3. Think-Pair-Share • With your partner, list the 5 ways that fungus might be classified. (Reflect back on your notes on classification). After discussion, place a star next to those used to classify fungus.

4. Think – Pair – Share Answer • Behaviors • Biochemistry – the DNA • Embryology • Physical Characteristics • Evolutionary History (Phylogeny)

5. Major Structures

6. Major Structures • Hyphae – tiny filaments that make up the fungus • Mycelium – many hyphae tangled together • Fruiting Body – Reproductive structure that develops from a mycelium and grows below ground

7. Check for Understanding • With your partner, label the following diagram with the major structures of a fungus

8. Common Molds • Sexually reproducing fungi • Hyphae generally lack cell walls • Examples: black bread mold

9. Sac Fungi • Reproduce both sexually and asexually • Can be unicellular and multicellular • Examples: Cup Fungus, Yeasts

10. Club Fungi • These fungi can be edible • This is an extremely diverse category of fungus • Examples: Orange Jelly, Shelf Fungus, Mushrooms

11. Imperfect Fungi • All fungi that are not placed into other groups (phyla) are placed here • NEVER been shown to have a sexual life cycle • Example: Penicillium

12. Interactions with the Environment • Decomposers – break down dead matter into the nutrients that make it up • Nutrient recyclers • Positive relationship with trees • Cause famine, and disease in plants, animals, and humans

14. Most plants… • Autotrophs – make their own food • Have a NUCLEUS! • Multicellular • Have a cell wall

15. Plants make a move from water to land! • Evolved from organisms like green algae • Evolution required adaptations • Waxy Cuticle – protects from water loss • Vascular tissue – helps move water and nutrients through the plant • Seeds/Flowers – allows for sexual reproduction

16. Non-Vascular Plants • Lack specialized tissue to help move food and water • Very short • Examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

17. Vascular Plants • Xylem and Phloem move water and food • All have true roots, leaves, and stems • Some are seedless: • Some have seeds: angiosperms, gymnosperms • Seeds allow the plant to reproduce without water

18. Check for Understanding • With your partner, hypothesize why it was important for vascular tissue to develop in land-dwelling plants. • There is not ONE correct answer!

19. Gymnosperms • Any plants that bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones • Examples: ginkgoes, cycads • Known as flowering plants, any plant that bears seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seeds • Examples: apple tree, rose • Two types: monocots, dicots Angiosperms

20. Monocots • Single cotyledon (seed leaves) • The veins of the leaves run parallel • Floral parts (petals) occur mostly in multiples of 3 • Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem • Fibrous roots

21. Dicots • Two cotyledons (seed leaves) • Leaves have branched veins • Flower parts (petals) occur often in multiples of 4 or 5 • Vascular bundles arranged in a ring • Roots function like a taproot

22. Key Plant Parts • Anther – oval sac where pollen is found • Filament – long, thin stalk that supports anther • Stigma – sticky portion at top of style • Petal – attract insects and pollinators to flower • Sepal – protect the flower while it develops • Ovary – surrounds the ovule (female reproductive portion of the plant)

23. Check for Understanding • With your partner, label the following picture below with the following terms anther, filament, stigma, style, petal, sepal, ovary, ovule. (You are hypothesizing the location based on the functions we discussed.)