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Kingdoms and Domains

Kingdoms and Domains. Biology 112. Outcomes:. The student will be expected to: Develop a list of characteristics shared by living things Identify the general characteristics that distinguish the members of each recognized kingdom

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Kingdoms and Domains

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  1. Kingdoms and Domains Biology 112

  2. Outcomes: • The student will be expected to: • Develop a list of characteristics shared by living things • Identify the general characteristics that distinguish the members of each recognized kingdom • Demonstrate an understanding that the recognized kingdoms of living things represent a diversity of organisms exhibiting extensive variety in terms of form and function

  3. Characteristics of Living Things • No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing • Some nonliving things share characteristics with living things • All living things: • Made up of units called cells • Reproduce • Are based on a universal genetic code • Grow and develop • Obtain and use materials and energy • Respond to their environment • Maintain a stable internal environment • Taken a group, change over time

  4. The Six Kingdoms of Life • Prokaryotes • Used to be called Kingdom Monera • Eubacteria and Archaebacteria • Lack nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts as well as reproduce by binary fission • Been evolving for 3.5 billion years • Eukaryotes • Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia • Been evolving for 2.0 billion years

  5. The Three Domain System • Scientists have grouped organisms based on how long they have been evolving independently • As a result, the domain has been introduced as being even more inclusive (larger and sharing less characteristics) than the kingdom • Domain Eukarya • Domain Bacteria • Domain Archaea

  6. Domain Bacteria • Unicellular and prokaryotic • Cells have thick walls that surround the membrane made of peptidoglycan • They may photosynthesize and some require oxygen • Examples include Streptococcus, salmonella, E. coli

  7. Domain Archaea • Unicellular and prokaryotic • Many can only survive in the absence of oxygen • Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan but membranes contain a lipid that are not found in any other organism • Example: Thermococcuslitoralis

  8. Domain Eukarya • Consists of the four remaining kingdoms • Protista – displays the greatest variety among its members • Fungi – heterotrophs; most found on dead and decaying matter • Plantae – multicellular and photosynthetic, non-motile, cell walls contain cellulose (when they are present) • Animalia – multicellular and heterotrophic, no cell walls

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