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Basic Chemistry

Basic Chemistry. Atom Building block of all matter Over 100 elements HONC, PS are 6 elements most commonly found in living organisms Molecule Combination of atoms by chemical bonds CO 2 , H 2 O , C 6 H 12 O 6 , O 2 O 2 is a molecule but not a compound. Explain. Mixtures.

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Basic Chemistry

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  1. Basic Chemistry • Atom • Building block of all matter • Over 100 elements • HONC, PS are 6 elements most commonly found in living organisms • Molecule • Combination of atoms by chemical bonds • CO2 , H2O , C6H12O6 , O2 • O2 is a molecule but not a compound. Explain.

  2. Mixtures • Combination of more than one type of molecule • Solution • Homogeneous and clear • The solute is dissolved in the solvent • Sea water, Kool-Aid

  3. Mixtures • Heterogeneous Mixture • Inconsistent and cloudy • Muddy water, Blood, Soil

  4. Chemical Reactions • The rearrangement of atoms 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 (Reactants) (Products)

  5. Chemical Reactions • Exothermic Reaction • Energy is released • Endothermic Reaction • more energy is used than produced . • Activation Energy • Energy req’d to start rxn • Catalyst • Decreases AE • Speeds up rxns Energy Time

  6. H2O + H = H3O+ OH-

  7. Dissociation of water H2O  H+ + OH- pH Scale (each step is multiple of 10) Acid pH < 7 More H+ than OH- Base pH > 7 More OH-than H+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Acids and Bases

  8. Chemical Reactions Review • In an endothermic reaction where is the heat going to, the system or the environment? • NH4NO3 +heat NH4+ + NO3- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +heat C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • Is energy mostly released or absorbed? • Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? • Where does the absorbed energy go?

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