1 / 28

Understanding Basic Chemistry: Atoms, Elements, and Bonding

This overview of basic chemistry introduces the fundamental building blocks of matter: atoms, which are the smallest units of elements and comprise protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains the importance of subatomic particles and their roles, the concept of isotopes, and the formation of compounds and mixtures. The guide also covers ionic and covalent bonding, detailing how atoms achieve stability through electron exchanges or sharing. Perfect for beginners, this resource clarifies core chemistry concepts in an engaging manner.

kevina
Download Presentation

Understanding Basic Chemistry: Atoms, Elements, and Bonding

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Basic Chemistry Jennifer Pogue September 11, 2012

  2. Atoms • The smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element. • Consists of protons, neutrons & electrons

  3. Subatomic Particles • Proton • Positively charged • Found in nucleus • Determines identity of atom—atomic number • Contributes to the mass of the atom

  4. Subatomic Particles • Neutron • Neutrally charged • Found in nucleus • Contributes to mass of the atom

  5. Subatomic Particles • Electron • Negatively Charged • Found in energy levels • Negligible mass • The Movers & Shakers of the atom

  6. “Happy” Atoms • Atoms want complete outer (valence) energy levels. • They gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve “happiness”. • Goal = 8 valence electrons—called an octet

  7. Elements • A substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by ordinary means • Listed on periodic table

  8. Compounds • Atoms of two or more different elements chemically combined. • New substance has new properties.

  9. Molecules • Smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of the compound

  10. Mixtures • Two or more substances physically combined. • Substances retain individual properties.

  11. Types of Mixtures • Homogeneous—same composition throughout the sample • Heterogeneous—different composition through the sample

  12. Isotopes • Forms of an element with same number of protons but differentnumber of neutrons • Have same atomic numbers • Have different mass numbers

  13. Isotope Symbols Element Symbol Mass Number Atomic Number Mass Number = # protons + # neutrons

  14. The Difference? This carbon atom has 6 protons & 6 neutrons. This carbon atom has 6 protons & 8 neutrons.

  15. You try… • What is the symbol for an atom with 23 protons and 27 neutrons? (Assume 23 electrons.)

  16. The Answer…

  17. Ions • A charged atom • Formed when atoms gain or lose electrons

  18. Cations • Formed from metals • Left side of PT • Postively Charged atoms • Lose electrons

  19. Not these!

  20. Anions • Formed from nonmetals • Right side of PT • Negatively Charged atoms • Gain electrons

  21. Not these!

  22. Ion Symbols Charge Mass # Atomic # Charge = Protons - electrons 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons

  23. You Try… • What is the symbol for an atom that has 30 protons, 35 neutrons, and 28 electrons?

  24. How did you do?

  25. One more… • What is the symbol for an atom with 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

  26. Your answer?

  27. Bonding • Opposites attract! • Ionic bond • Metal + Nonmetal • Cation + Anion = no overall charge • Electrons change places • Covalent Bond • Nonmetal + Nonmetal • Electrons are shared between two atoms

  28. Questions?

More Related