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BASIC CHEMISTRY

BASIC CHEMISTRY. BASIC CHEMISTRY ATOMIC STRUCTURE ATOM , NUCLEUS, PROTON, NEUTRON, ELECTRON ATOMIC NUMBER, ATOMIC WEIGHT CHEMCIAL BONDS COVALENT, IONIC, HYDROGEN FUNCTIONAL GROUPS HYDROXYL, CARBONYL, CARBOXYL, PHOSPHORYL, SULFHYDRYL, AMINO CLASSES OF COMPOUND

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BASIC CHEMISTRY

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  1. BASIC CHEMISTRY

  2. BASIC CHEMISTRY ATOMIC STRUCTURE ATOM, NUCLEUS, PROTON, NEUTRON, ELECTRON ATOMIC NUMBER, ATOMIC WEIGHT CHEMCIAL BONDS COVALENT, IONIC, HYDROGEN FUNCTIONAL GROUPS HYDROXYL, CARBONYL, CARBOXYL, PHOSPHORYL, SULFHYDRYL, AMINO CLASSES OF COMPOUND ALCOHOL, ALDEHYDE, KETONE, ACIDS (CARBOXYL & PHOSPHORYL), AMINE, THIOETHER, DISULFIDE, ANHYDRIDE, GLYCOSIDE, AMIDE PEPTIDES ARE AMIDES FORMED FROM AMINO ACIDS

  3. ATOMIC STRUCTURE NITROGEN OXYGEN

  4. CHEMICAL BONDS COVALENT – SHARING ELECTRON PAIRS SINGLE, DOUBLE AND TRIPLE COVALENT BONDS E.G., CARBON-CARBON BOND IONIC BONDS – ATTRACTION BETWEEN POSITIVELY AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS E.G., SODIUM CHLORIDE HYDROGEN BONDS – ATTRACTION BETWEEN PARTIAL POSITIVELY AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED REGIONS OF MOLECULES E.G., WATER

  5. CHEMICAL BONDS - COVALENT

  6. HYDROGEN BONDS

  7. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS – • PORTION OF A LARGER MOLECULE WHICH • CONSISTS OF A SMALL NUMBER OF ATOMS THAT • HAVE A CHARACTERISIC CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR. • ALWAYS REACT THE SAME WAY • GIVE THE COMPOUND ITS CHEMICAL REACTIVITY

  8. CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS – BASED ON PRESENCE OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP GROUP CLASS HYDROXYL ALCOHOL CARBONYL (END OF CHAIN) ALDEHYDE CARBONYL (INTERNAL) KETONE CARBOXYL ACID – CARBOXYLIC PHOSPHORYL ACID - PHOSPHORIC AMINO AMINE SULFHYDRYL THIOL AMINO AND CARBOXYL AMINO ACIDS

  9. CLASSES OF COMPOUND – BASED ON THE GROUPS WHICH REACTED TO FORM THE COMPOUND REACTING GROUPS COMPOUND HYDROXYLS (ALCOHOLS) ETHER SULFHYDRYLS (THIOLS) THIO-ETHER CARBOXYLS, PHOSPHORYLS ANHYDRIDES (ACIDS) CARBON ONE OF SUGAR & HYDROXYL OF ANOTHER SUGAR O-GLYCOSIDE CARBON ONE OF SUGAR & O-GLYCOSIDIC BOND NITROGEN OF NUCLEIC ACID BASE N-GLYCOSIDE N-GLYCOSIDIC BOND CARBOXYLIC & AMINO AMIDE (PEPTIDE BOND)

  10. CLASSES OF COMPOUND- BASED ON REACTION WHICH FORMED THEM

  11. STEREOISOMERS 3 • SAME CHEMICAL COMPOSITION • SAME FUNCTIONAL GROUPS • HAVE DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS • ENANTIOMERS - ONE KIND OF • STERIOISOMER • NON-IDENTICAL MIRROR IMAGES • E.G. D-GLYCERALDEHYDE • L-GLYCERALDEHYDE • D - DEXTROROTATORY (ROTATES POLARIZED LIGHT TO RIGHT) • L - LEVOROTATORY (ROTATES POLARIZED LIGHT TO LEFT)

  12. WHAT? NATURE OF CHEMICAL BONDS FUNCTIONAL GROUPS/CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS AND HOW THEY REACT NATURE OF ENANTIOMERS WHY? ALL CREATURES MUST HAVE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PRECURSORS (AMINO ACIDS, MONONUCLEOTIDES, FATTY ACIDS, MONOSACCHARIDES) WHICH WILL BE USED TO SYNTHESIZE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGH MACROMOLECULES (PROTEINS, DNA, RNA, LIPIDS, POLYSACCHARIDES) WHICH FORM CELLS. WHAT DISTINGUISHES THE PRECURSORS FROM EACH OTHER? DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND SHAPES

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