1 / 21

IMMUNITY IMMYNIZATION IMMUNITY

IMMUNITY IMMYNIZATION IMMUNITY. Active immunity are defenses developed by the body that last many years or even a life time.

marek
Download Presentation

IMMUNITY IMMYNIZATION IMMUNITY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. IMMUNITY IMMYNIZATIONIMMUNITY

  2. Active immunity are defenses developed by the body that last many years or even a life time. 1. Active-natural immunity – means invasion of the body by microorganisms resulting in development of antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes. Examples: childhood diseases - chicken pox, measles. 2.Active-artificial immunity is attained by inoculation or immunization with antigen of live or killed vaccines that are less virulent than contracting the disease.

  3. Passive immunity is temporary, trasmitted from another source that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization. Passive-natural immunity is trasplacental and colostrum transfer from mother to child of antibodies. Immunity does not last. Passive-artificial immunity is injections with Gamma Globulin.

  4. Combined passive and active immunity In some diseases (e. g.. Tetanus, diphtheria, rabies) passive immunization is often undertaken in conjunction with inactivated vaccine products, to provide both immediate (but temporary) passive immunity. Both injections should be given at separate sites.

  5. Specific immunoglobulins are available for passive immunization against tetanus (human tetanus immunoglobulin-HTIG), hepatitis B (HBIG), rabies (HRIG), varicella-zoster (ZIG) and vaccinia (AVIG). • Antibodies – defend against foreign invaders. Produced on B-Lymphocytes are memory specific, have 2 molecule (Fab fragments) sites to combine with antigen to AGGLUTINATE-bind or clump together. Agglutination helps facilitate phagocytosis.

  6. Provide active life long immunity against disease IMMUNIzation programs 1. Recommended immunization Schedule for Healthy Infants and Children

  7. immunizations Immunization schedule General contraindications to immunizations 1. Severe febrile illness 2. Live virus vaccines are generally not administered to anyone with an altered immune system 3. Allergic reaction to a previously administered vaccine or a substance in the vaccine

  8. Hepatitis B vaccine 1. Protects against hepatitis B 2. The first dose of hepatitis B is administered between the ages of birth and 2 months, the second dose is administered between the ages of 1and 4 months, and the third dose is administered between the ages of 6 to 18 months 3. All children from birth through 18 years of age need three doses of hepatitis B vaccine if they have not already received them 4. Contraindication: Anaphylactic reaction

  9. DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and Td 1. Protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis 2. DTaP is administered at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, between 15 and 18 months of age, and between 4 and 6 years of age 3. The fourth dose of DTaP can be given at 12 months of age if 6 months have elapsed since the previous dose and if the child might not return for follow-up by 18 months of age 4.Td (tetanus, diphtheria booster) is given at 11 to 12 years of age if at least 5 years have passed since the last dose of DTaP/DTP (DTP = diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) 5. Contraindication: Encephalopathy within 7 days of administration of previous dose of DTP

  10. Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine 1. Protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b 2. Hib is administered at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between 12 and 15 months of age 3. Depending on the brand of Hib vaccine used for the first and second doses, a dose at 6 months of age may not be needed 4. Contraindication: None identified

  11. IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) 1. Protects against polio 2. IPV is administered at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between 4 and 6 years of age 3. The third dose of IPV is administered between 6 and 18 months of age 4. Contraindication: Anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin

  12. MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) 1. Protects against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles) 2. The first dose of MMR is administered between 12 and 15 months of age; the second dose is administered at 4 to 6 years of age (if the second dose was not given by 4 to 6 years of age, it should be given at the next visit)

  13. 3.MMR contains minute amounts of neomycin;measles and mumps vaccines, which are grownon chick embryo tissue cultures, are not believedto contain significant amounts of egg cross-reacting proteins. 4. Contraindications a. Pregnancy b. Known altered immunodeficiency c. Allergy to contents of immunization (prior tothe administration of MMR vaccine, assess fora known history of allergy to neomycin orrelated antibiotics)

  14. d.Presence of recently acquired passive immunity through blood transfusions, immu­noglobulin, or maternal antibodies (MMR should be postponed for a minimurn of 3 months after passive immunization with immunoglobulins or blood transfusions, except washed blood cells, which do not interfere with the immune response)

  15. Varicella zoster vaccine 1.Protects against chickenpox 2.Varicella zoster vaccine is administered between12 and 18 months of age 3.Susceptible children 13 yean of age and older(who have not had chickenpox or have not beenpreviously vaccinated) need two doses given 4 to8 weeks apart 4. Contraindications a. Pregnancy b. Immunocompromised individuals c. Children receiving corticosteroids

  16. OPV (oral poliovirus vaccine) 1.No longer recommended for routine vaccination 2.Not administered to anyone with an alteredimmune system or to any household contacts ofan immunosuppressed child (the virus multipliesin the gastrointestinal tract and is excreted in thestool)

  17. 2. ADULT BOOSTER IMMUNIZATIONS ADULT BOOSTER IMMUNIZATIONS provides exposure of immunized host to the same or similar antigen in the form of vaccine or natural disease. Antibody production occurs much sooner and attains a much higher level of antibody due to recall phenomenon.

  18. 3. FLU VACCINATION PROGRAMS “ PERSONS AT RISK” WHO SHOULD BE ADVISED IMMUNIZATION AGAINST FLU • Very young and the elderly with waning immunity • Persons with debilitative disease: - cardiac; - diabetes; - Hemolytic Anemias; - parsons over 50. CONTRAINDICATIONS TO FLU VACCINES: • Persons with febrile illness • History of Guillain Barre Syndrome • Allergies to eggs • pregnancy

More Related