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The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715

The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715. Europe in 1700. Absolutism in France. Louis XIV (1643-1715) believed the monarch personified the state Absolutism was created under Cardinal Mazarin who secularized France and fostered loyalty to the French state. Reign of Louis XIV.

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The Age of Absolutism in Europe 1600-1715

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  1. The Age of Absolutism in Europe1600-1715

  2. Europe in 1700

  3. Absolutism in France • Louis XIV (1643-1715) believed the monarch personified the state • Absolutism was created under Cardinal Mazarin who secularized France and fostered loyalty to the French state

  4. Reign of Louis XIV • Used intendants to limit the power of the nobility • Mercantilism was used to increase the wealth of France • Jean Baptiste Colbert • Colonization • Canada • Built the Palace of Versailles to demonstrate his power and limit the power of the nobility

  5. Palace of Versailles

  6. Palace of Versailles

  7. Versailles Grande Gallerie • Daily routines at Versailles were exploited by Louis XIV • The nobility competed against each other to perform menial tasks for the king

  8. Versailles—Some Statistics • Modern cost: over $2,000,000,000 • Annual upkeep took 25% of France’s income • Main building 500 yards long • Two wings: 150 yards long • 2,000 rooms • 15,000 acres of gardens with 1,400 fountains

  9. Peter the Great • Ruled 1696-1725 • Modernized Russia through Westernization • Expanded Russia to Pacific • Taxed his subjects heavily to pay for his projects

  10. Russian Empire after PtG

  11. Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

  12. Philip II of Spain • Ruled Spain (1556-1598) when the empire was at its height • Devout Catholic • Centralized royal power • Married Mary I of England • Invaded England with Spanish Armada in 1588

  13. Frederick II of Prussia • Absolute ruler of Prussia (1740-1786) • Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation • Built on of Europe’s most powerful militaries • Supported the Enlightenment

  14. Maria Theresa of Austria • Absolute monarch of Austria (1740-1780) • Enlightened Despot • Eased taxes and gave more rights to her subjects • Gave birth to 16 children while in power

  15. 17th Century England • James I (1603-1625) supported absolute rule • Charles I (1625-1649) fought with Parliament over money for his wars with Spain • Dissolved Parliament in 1629 starting the English Civil War between supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell

  16. Oliver Cromwell • Oliver Cromwell: Lord Protector – England • Ruled through the army instead of Parliament • Exiled Catholics to Ireland • Strict Puritan laws passed – theaters closed, Sunday set aside for worship, no lewd dancing, taverns or gambling • When Cromwell died, Restoration began.

  17. The Restoration • Charles II (1660-1685) learned the lessons of his predecessors – don’t mess with Parliament • James II (1685-1688) was an unpopular king • Returned to Absolutism • Antagonized Parliament • Ran up a huge debt • Openly Catholic • Forced from throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution.

  18. The Glorious Revolution (1688) • William of Orange, the Dutch monarch was asked by the English people to depose their king, James II • Parliament now reigned supreme • The Bill of Rights (1689) outlined the powers and rights of Parliament

  19. English Bill of Rights of 1689 • Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy • Monarchy could neither make nor suspend laws • Trial by jury reinstated • Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Due process of laws • Laid groundwork for American system of laws

  20. Thomas Hobbes (1588 –1679) • Man is inherently selfish and aggressive • Left on own, chaos and conflict would rule • Citizens need law and to follow a sovereign to avoid chaos

  21. John Locke (1632 – 1704) • Believed that over time people would join together to benefit from cooperation • Through a Social Contract, sovereignty would remain with the people • Natural Rights—life, liberty, and property

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