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The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems. Dr. ir. Zofia Lukszo With collaboration with dr. Remco Verzijlbergh Section Energy and Industry Technology, Policy and Management @: Z.Lukszo@tudelft.nl. Content. Why electric mobility? Responsive demand
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The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems Dr. ir. Zofia Lukszo With collaboration with dr. Remco Verzijlbergh Section Energy and Industry Technology, Policy and Management @: Z.Lukszo@tudelft.nl
Content • Why electric mobility? • Responsive demand • Are the goals of many actors involved the same? • What about the environment? • Why EVs can be compared to cold storage warehouses? • What can we learn from looking at different price scenario’s? • Future work
Future energy systems Old schedule generation to meet demand New schedule demand to meet generation e.g. electric mobility
Electric mobility How can electric mobility contribute to a more sustainable transportation & electrical power system and on the same time align the interests of its relevant actors? See: Remco Verzijlbergh, The Power of Electric Vehicles, PhD Thesis TU Delft, 2013, http://repository.tudelft.nl/
Why electric mobility - CO2 emission air quality, noise polluttion NO2
Power sector complex socio-technical system
Estimation of the expected energy usage of EVsData from Mobility Research Netherlands Average: ~34 km ~ 90% < 100km Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, “Mobiliteitsonderzoek Nederland (in Dutch)” Available: www.mobiliteitsonderzoeknederland.nl
Network load:100 houses and 50 EVs Price control Load Control Imbalance Control Separate EV demand profiles
Load flow analysis shows: Electric mobility in a city– city of Utrecht • 10% electric mobility 24% overloaded • Reference case (merely organic growth) • 19% overloaded See E.J. Kleiwegt, Electric Mobility: on the Road to Energy Transition: A technical and actor assessment of social costs of electric mobility, Master Thesis, TU Delft, 2011 http://repository.tudelft.nl/
Example – city of Utrecht Use calculations for critical component map Green/Yellow/ Red locations for installing charging stations
Negative price? Conventional, wind and solar power and spot prices for the German system on June 16th 2013.
Responsive demand – cold storage Old schedule generation to meet demand New schedule demand to meet generation e.g. with a cold storage warehouse
Matching renewable energy and demand response through price • System model: • Cold store has PV generation on site • PV production known in advance • Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t) • Temperature upper bound Tmax • Goal: Investigate relations between demand response strategy of a cold store and electricity prices & Evaluate different pricing regimes on optimal energy use
Physical model of cold store Heat balance Incoming heat Outgoing heat Resulting equation for T dynamics Discretized in time
System model • Cold store has PV generation on site • PV production known in advance • Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t) • Temperature upper bound Tmax
Optimization formulation Objective function constraints
Compare cold store with EV optimization problem Optimization problem State dynamics
Price scenarios A: flat tariff B: flat double tariff C: day-night tariff D: APX based real time tariff E: APX based real time tariff, high solar penetration
Comparison • Optimal cooling trajectory depends strongly on tariff structure. • Local use of PV energy depends on tariffs • Most 'value' of control in case with high solar penetration. • The effective use of demand response requires the right tariff structure
NWO URSES - CaPP Project • Design, Management and Control Systems for multi-modal, detachable decentral sustainable energy systems • Car as Power Plant as a multi-modal system (power, transport, gas/hydrogen, heat) • ICT and business models for CaPP • Detachable decentral = fuel cell cars
NWO URSES – CaPP Project • design, assess and analyse the fuel cell car as power plant (CaPP) in integrated transport and energy systems • investigate and design robust control systems of CaPP-based smart energy systems • explore effective incentive and organizational structures for the emergence of CaPP integrated energy and transport systems
PhD wanted! CaPP
Most urgent question • How to reduce uncertainty for actors in the energy chain by developing the science and tools that are needed for smart energy systems?