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Multimedia Introductory Course in Electric Energy Systems

Multimedia Introductory Course in Electric Energy Systems. Michigan Tech University Leonard Bohmann Bruce Mork Noel Schulz Dennis Wiitanen. Part 1 What works What doesn’t. Objectives of The New Core Course. Broader Scope

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Multimedia Introductory Course in Electric Energy Systems

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  1. MultimediaIntroductory Course in Electric Energy Systems Michigan Tech University Leonard BohmannBruce MorkNoel SchulzDennis Wiitanen

  2. Part 1 What worksWhat doesn’t

  3. Objectives of The New Core Course Broader Scope electric energy production, transmission and distribution, and utilization Multidisciplinary mechanical engineering, chemistry, business Societal Issues economic, regulatory, and environmental issues

  4. Michigan Tech Test Bed(quarters) Intro to Energy Conversion Intro to Power Sys Electric Machines Power Sys I Power Sys II

  5. Goals 1) Provide an Exciting Introduction to Energy Systems for all students 2) Serve as a Feeder Course for Students interested in Power

  6. What Doesn’t WorkBroad Survey Course Broad Survey Course Goal 1Introduction Goal 2Feeder

  7. What Does WorkFocused Survey Course Focused Survey Course Goal 1Introduction Goal 2Feeder

  8. Why? Retention in Follow-On Courses

  9. What Students Like • Practical Material • relate material to them • Non-technical Aspects • relate technical to business and economic aspects • Exciting Lectures

  10. Topical Outline • Background material • ac steady state circuits, ac power, three-phase circuits • Sources of Electrical Energy • PV, batteries, thermal central station, renewables, distributed generation, economic/environmental costs • Transformers • single phase equivalent circuit, qualitative discussion otherwise

  11. Topical Outline (continued) • Fundamentals of Electromechanical Energy Conversion • forces on conductors, induced voltages on conductors, motivated by ideal linear motor • Fundamentals of Power Electronics • ideal switches, buck converter,3 phase bridge inverter, power supplies

  12. Topical Outline (continued) • Synchronous Machines • qualitative description, round rotor equivalent circuit with reactance, power/angle relations • Coal Fired Power Plant • coal handling to electricity out • economics and environmental regulations

  13. Topical Outline (continued) • Power System Overview • central station, distributed generation, • Electrical Faults and Protection • Single Phase or 3f to ground, sectionalizers, reclosers, fuses • Distribution Systems • layout, equipment, operations • Loads • system loads variation, induction machines, speed control

  14. Continuing Development Right Mix of Topics Instructional Aids

  15. Part 2 Instructional Material Web Development

  16. Electrical Energy Conversion

  17. General Overview

  18. Green House Effect

  19. Coal

  20. Fuel Cell

  21. Wind

  22. Solar

  23. Animations Aids Visualization and Understanding

  24. 1 f Armature Reaction

  25. 3 f Armature Reaction

  26. Transient Stability

  27. Lead Acid Battery

  28. PN Junction

  29. PV Effect

  30. Case StudyAn Introduction to Photovoltaics • Solar power applications: spacecraft, calculators, solarfarms (on-grid), remote sites (off-grid). • Solar Farms • Austin Power & Light (300 MW) • 3M Research, Austin (300 KW concentrator) • SMUD (2.4 MW) • An Off-Grid Application • Mt. Baldy Mobile Radio Repeater Site, Utah

  31. Mount Baldy Solar-Powered Communications Installation • Used as lead-in example • Photovoltaic generation • Battery storage • Practical Design and Performance Issues • Limited winter sunlight • Temperature Extremes • On 9050-ft Mountain • Reliability is crucial

  32. Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Energy • AM0 = 1367 mW per sq cm (space) • AM1 = 1000 mW per sq cm (direct overhead sunlight) • Sun’s inclination angle further reduces available energy.

  33. Temperature Effects • Voltage output increases at lower temperatures. • Batteries can be charged to higher voltage and operate more efficiently when cold. • Equipment may be damaged by overvoltage, so may need to be protected by VR.

  34. Battery Selection, Factors • Ni-Cad vs. lead-acid • Sedimentation • Stratification of electrolyte. • Memory effects • Deep cycling • Temperature Effects • Specific gravity of electrolyte, freezing

  35. Coordination of Solar Array and Battery Charging System • System operates at higher voltage in cold - can store more energy. • Alarms and equipment disconnect if batteries discharge too far. • Arrays, batteries, loads must be coordinated!

  36. System Configuration • Dual arrays and regulators for reliability • Alarms transmitted for low voltage • Even lower voltage: disconnect equip. • Fuses for short-circuit protection

  37. Photovoltaic Experiment • Inexpensive to buy and implement • $20 solar cell • 120-volt spot lamp • Light meter • Fundamental concepts emphasized • Luminous flux (lumens) vs. radiant flux (watts) • Maximum power point • I-V curves vs. light level • Theoretical and observed behaviors match

  38. Photovoltaic Lab Setup

  39. Output Characteristics

  40. Educational Case Study on Power System Blackout Restoration

  41. What is a case study? Why should we develop them for power engineering? • Educational tool used by business for many years. • Students read about problem, solutions to other similar problems and then tackle their own problem. • Case study library very old without many problems in EE or power • Research related case studies on too high a level for introduction to power course.

  42. Purpose of Case Study • Application-oriented examples of real life scenarios to help motivate students • Create modern educational tools of our field • Stimulates interest in Power Engineering • Combines education with fun for students • Expands students knowledge about power systems and a specific topic

  43. Goals • Completion of open-ended exercises to see how the student can immediately apply their newly acquired knowledge • Introduction to advanced power system subjects

  44. Case Study Layout

  45. Supplemental Web Pages

  46. Implementation • Part of EE 380- Introduction to Power Systems Class • Fall Quarter 1998 • Done as Extra Credit • Winter Quarter 1998-99 • Project in class with 72 students • Spring and Summer • Modifications and Improvements

  47. Case Study Assignment • WWW case study • Questions • Problems with Power World • Report

  48. Assessment • 85% of students said the case study project was very useful or somewhat useful • In final evaluations students asked for more problems like case study. Many mentioned it as best part of class. • Students’ overall impression of power engineering went up after class with case study.

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