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the auto-id center sanjay sarma, research director

the auto-id center sanjay sarma, research director. outline. RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions. Line-of-sight One-at-a-time Manual handling Limited range Limited data. Non-line-of-sight 100(s) at a time

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the auto-id center sanjay sarma, research director

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  1. the auto-id center sanjay sarma, research director

  2. outline • RFID Systems • Low Cost RFID • Software • Applications • Field Trial • Research opportunities • Conclusions

  3. Line-of-sight One-at-a-time Manual handling Limited range Limited data Non-line-of-sight 100(s) at a time Automatic handling ~1 meter 50 bits -Kbits What’s wrong with bar-codes?

  4. Radio frequency identification systems (RFID)

  5. network with rf tags? yes.

  6. RFID-Handbook "Radio-Frequency Identification: Fundamentals and Applications " 1st edition, Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-471-98851-0) RFID Example

  7. example rfid applications • Supply chain • Asset tracking, reduce out of stocks, reduce inventory, reduce bull-whip effect, speed up delivery, check freshness, track and trace, produce to demand, identify sources of diversion, identify counterfeiting, theft prediction, faster recalls • Consumer applications • Direct order from home, smart appliances, (e.g. microwave, washing machine, refrigerator), smart healthcare, assisted living • New and less expected applications • Customized products, smart recycling, checkout-less stores

  8. 4 why low cost?

  9. outline • RFID Systems • Low Cost RFID • Software • Applications • Field Trial • Research opportunities • Conclusions

  10. handling cost die size/cost, cents low cost rfid Silicon: 4c/mm2 20 15 10 5 time

  11. reduce functionality (Networking & software) reduce chip size (handle small chips) why is rfid expensive today? greater functionality increased chip size

  12. Cheap protocol

  13. 01. 203D2A. 916E8B. 8719BAE03C Header 8 bits Serial Number 40 bits Product 24 bits Manufacturer 24 bits context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router context-aware router sensor sensor sensor sensor the hypothesis or bet • Place unique number on tag • Electronic Product Code, EPC • 64 bit, 96 bit, and upwards • Develop manufacturing technology for small chips and tags • Move data on the network • Network service for resolving EPC • Network architecture for gathering and routing data

  14. IC IC Design Design $X Million $X Million 1-2¢ 20¢ 1¢ 20¢ 5¢ 1¢ 5¢ 1¢ Billions Number of tags Low cost RFID End Antenna Antenna/IC IC Conversion users Manufacture Assembly Manufacture to Package

  15. Slicing and Dicing • Standard saw-dicing wasteful • Instead, use separationby thinning C. Landesberger, S. Scherbaum, G. Schwinn, H. Spöhrle: “New Process Scheme for Wafer Thinning and Stress-free Separation of Ultra Thin IC’s,” Proceedings of Microsystems Technologies 2001, Mesago, Stuttgart, pp. 431-436, 2001.

  16. low cost rf tags 100mm

  17. Fluidic Self Assembly Courtesy Alien Technology

  18. vibratory assembly Chip Assembly Chip Design Antenna Manufacturing Label / Tag Manufacturing End User Wafer Treatment Silicon Manufacturing Inlet Assembly Label Converting Vacuum cylinder CourtesyPhilips

  19. vibratory Assembly Chip Assembly Chip Design Antenna Manufacturing Label / Tag Manufacturing End User Wafer Treatment Silicon Manufacturing Inlet Assembly Label Converting Orientation Check Courtesy Philips

  20. Antenna • Screen printing • Etching • Forming M. Feil, C. Adler, G. Klink & M. König: “Interconnection Techniques for Ultra Thin ICs and MEMS Elements”, Proceedings of Microsystems Technologies 2001, Mesago, Stuttgart, pp. 437-442, 2001.

  21. software hardware paper conversion • Paper/package/label industry expertise • Scales well with mass production • Capital equipment expenditure

  22. outline • RFID Systems • Low Cost RFID • Software • Applications • Field Trial • Research opportunities • Conclusions

  23. Automatic Seamless Low cost Ubiquitous Standard how do we obtain the information? Connect Physical Objects to the Internet

  24. networking the physical world Savant Control System RF Tag Networked TagReaders

  25. Local network Data Processing Reader 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C Local database Tag Architecture: Local Reader

  26. ONS PML Server 18.72.100.100 Internet <PML> <TIME=2000.4.28:10:05.05HRS> <EPC= 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C> <TEMPERATURE=15 DEG C> </EPC> </TIME> </PML> XQL PML Data Processing 18.72.100.100 <PML> … … ... <MaximumTempearture> 40 DEG C </MaximumTempearture> <MinimumTemperature> 5 DEG C </MinimumTempearture></PML> Architecture: Global Local system 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C???? Local network Reader Reader 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C Local database Quality control specialist

  27. Temperature OK ONS PML Server 18.72.100.100 Internet <PML> <TIME=2000.4.28:10:05.05HRS> <EPC= 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C> <TEMPERATURE=15 DEG C> </EPC> </TIME> </PML> XQL PML Data Processing Reader Reader Local system 18.72.100.100 <PML> … … ... <MaximumTempearture>40 DEG C </MaximumTempearture> <MinimumTemperature>5 DEG C</MinimumTempearture></PML> 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C???? Local network 23AB.36C2.AB21.6733 Local database Tag 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C Quality control specialist Inference

  28. outline • RFID Systems • Low Cost RFID • Software • Applications • Field Trial • Research opportunities • Conclusions

  29. bull-whip today RETAILER 40 WHOLESALER DISTRIBUTOR FACTORY 20 Orders 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Week Sterman’s control policy

  30. bull-whip with auto-id technology RETAILER 40 WHOLESALER DISTRIBUTOR FACTORY 20 Orders 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Week Joshi 2000

  31. Areas of Supply Chain Research • Strategic • Tactical • Operational Excellence

  32. Strategic applications • Evolutionary • Transportation Synchronization • Inventory Management Algorithms • Agile and Lean Supply Chains • Make-To-Stock, • Make-To-Order • Engineer-To-Order Environments • Revolutionary • Distributed Intelligent Products • Distributed Business Processes

  33. application: supply chain management Global Supply Chain

  34. Retail applications • Shrinkage • On-shelf stockout • Customer service • Product recall • Regulatory

  35. outline • RFID Systems • Low Cost RFID • Software • Applications • Field Trial • Research opportunities • Conclusions

  36. field trial

  37. field trial began 1 oct 2001, 9:41am edt

  38. Field Test Plan • Phase I, software test: Sep 01 – Feb 02 • Successful • Phase II, open reader test: • Ongoing • Phase III, Cheap tags test • Phase IV, Japan, Europe

  39. outline • RFID Systems • Low Cost RFID • Software • Applications • Field Trial • Research opportunities • Conclusions

  40. Research Issues • Tag anti-collision • Reader anti-collision • Security and privacy • Advanced sensor networks • Data routing and handling • IC Design • IC manufacturing • Silicon processing • Chip assembly • Polymers • Controls/automation • Manufacturing systems • System Synthesis • Supply chain issues

  41. class ii tags Sensors Open tag Agile reader Savant internet Interoperability

  42. conclusions • RFID will happen • Supply chain the first application • Costs designed for retail • Automotive applications clear • Caveat: metal content creates new challenges

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