KIN 2711 INTRODUCTION: PART 2

1. KIN 2711INTRODUCTION: PART 2

2. REVIEW FROM LAST CLASS AND THE TEXT READING • Qualitative vs quantitative biomechanics • Interdisciplinary nature of QA • Important definitions (skill analysis, movement analysis, observation) • A sense of the history of the development of QA as a field of study

3. Key points from the Text • Interdisciplinary – contributions from many fields -> motor learning, motor control, anatomy, pedagogy, adapted …. • There is an important connection between teaching motor skills and after analyzing qualitatively to improve performance • A common language base and understanding of the critical features of a movement make QA easier and more effective

4. MODELS OF QA • NORMAN (1975) • HAY & REID ( 1982, 1988) • OUR APPROACH: A PARADIGM FOR SKILL ANALYSIS

5. Norman, 1975 • Many of the difficulties encountered by coaches in the past arose from attempts to memorize staggering amounts of specific performance details • Emphasis on memorization over an understanding of the causes of errors in the movement

6. Norman’s Work:NCCP – Biomechanical Principles • Summation of joint torques • Continuity of joint torques • Impulse • Reaction • Equilibrium • Angular motion – generating angular momentum, conservation H, manipulation of H

7. Summation of joint torques Continuity of joint torques

8. Physics of Projectile Motion An applied force is applied over time during the take-off or release. The result is an impulse which causes a change in the body of object’s initial velocity. Ft = Δmv Vvert  Vhoriz

9. IMPULSE ACTION/REACTION

10. EQUILIBRIUM

11. ANGULAR MOTION

12. IMPACT OF NORMAN’S APPROACH • While the program represents an excellent attempt to facilitate the ability to analyze skills, many questions remain • Are coaches able to transfer the application of the principles to their own specific sports?

13. HAY REID : DEVELOPMENT OF A DETERMINISTIC MODEL • A deterministic model shows the relationship between the result and the factors that produce the result. • It is initiated by the identification of the performance criterion • Each of the variables or factors included in the model must be completely determined by the factors connected to them from the lower levels and should be mechanical quantities whenever possible.

14. RESULT A deterministic model FACTORS WHICH THE RESULT PRODUCE CRITICAL FEATURE CRITICAL FEATURE CRITICAL FEATURE CRITICAL FEATURE CRITICAL FEATURE CRITICAL FEATURE

15. MOVEMENT ANALYSIS • Requires : • KNOWLEDGE OF THE SKILL • UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC BIOMECHANICS • Need a general knowledge of fundamental mechanical principles and the application of these principles to different types of movements.

16. Movement analysis • Identify purpose of skill • Simplify the skill – divide into parts • Determine the mechanical factors that govern the parts of the skill • Identify critical features

17. Critical features • Critical features are components of the movement and the environment that are critical to the outcome of the performance. • Critical features are able to be observed and have a reason for being observed. • They are inflexible parts of a movement and can be least modified by individual differences etc… if success is to be achieved

18. Why we need to identify critical features Examples • Hammer • Fundamental skill -jumping

21. Identify purpose 1. How is the skill measured or evaluated? • Is it objective or subjective • Is it an open or closed skill? • - Handout 2. If subjective – must question what are the points awarded for? 3. Skills which are components of a game are often evaluated in terms of their contribution to the game - Are they performed to the give the best Advantage?

22. POINTS This is an example of a Skill that is evaluated Subjectively (Eg: gym skill) HEIGHT FORM RANGE ADVANTAGE A skill within a game SPEED ACCURACY

23. WHAT SKILL ARE YOU ANALYZING? • CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE MECHANICAL PURPOSE OF THE SKILL?

25. DETERMINE IF THE SKILLCAN BE BROKEN INTO PARTS • Simplify into parts or phases • Unique to each skill • This process allows us to examine the mechanics which effect specific parts of skill

26. DISTANCE TAKE –OFF DISTANCE FLIGHT DISTANCE LANDING DISTANCE SIMPLIFICATION OF A STANDING LONG JUMP

28. DETERMINE THE MECHANICAL FACTORS • Requires synthesis of all fundamental mechanical concepts • Factors should be presented as mechanical terms where ever possible – however occasionally terms such as physique, or body position are necessary • Check that each level is completely determined by the factors connected from the level below.

30. A deterministic model for a standing long jump

31. Print yourself a copy of the following readings posted to the course: • Readings • A Systematic Approach to Skill Analysis (McPherson) • The Development of Deterministic models for QA (Hay)

32. SCHEDULE FOR THIS WEEKFeb 28 – March 4 • March 2 – (Wednesday group12:30 -1:30 meet in 1016) Assignment 1: Introduction to Movement Analysis • March 4 - (Friday group 12:30 -1:30 meet in 1016) Assignment 1: Introduction to Movement Analysis

33. SCHEDULE FOR WEEKMarch 7- 11 • MARCH 7 – Clinical applications, QA Assignment 2 - Hand out • March 9 – No scheduled Lab, Available for help by appointment • March 11 – No scheduled Lab, Available for help by Appointment • March 11 Hand in QA Assignment 1: Introduction to Movement Analysis

34. Skill Analysis ParadigmAccurate error detection and correction require systematic observation and analysis- Handout