Mandela’s Garden

1. Lesson Seven Mandela’s Garden Nelson Mandela

2. Lesson Seven Part One: Warm-upPart Two: Background InformationPart Three: Text Appreciation (Key Points)Part Four: Language Study (Difficult Points)Part Five: Resource Extension W B T L E

3. Part One Warm-up • Warm-up questions W B T L E

4. I. Questions • What are your hobbies or relaxations? • Do you like gardening? What do you think of gardening? W B T L E

5. I. Questions 3.Do you think gardening is a good hobby? 4. If you lose freedom, would you lose hope? What would you do? W B T L E

6. Part Two Background Information • Author—Nelson Mandela • Long Walk to Freedom • Robben Island • Maximum Security Prison

7. Author Nelson Mandela(1918—) Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.

8. Author • Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified in law in 1942. • He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid policies after 1948. • He went on trial for treason in 1956—1961and was acquitted in 1961.

9. Author Mandela married Winnie in 1958. It was a love story, tempered tragically by the political ambitions of its two larger-than-life protagonists. He felt guilty for what Winnie had endured because of years of imprisonment.

10. Author “He always made the point. If they say you must run, insist on walking. If they say you must walk fast, insist on walking slowly. That was the whole point. We are going to set the terms.” —fellow prisoner

11. Author During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength.

12. Author Mandela’s visits of his former prison cell

13. Author DURING A VISIT IN FEB. 1995: As President, Nelson Mandela chips at a rock in the Robben Island quarry. Authorities had just signed over the tiny island off Cape Town to the Department of Arts and Culture for development as a museum.

14. Author PRISON CELL: This photo of Mandela's prison cell shows the desk at which he sat.

15. Author Nelson Mandela was released on February 18, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into his life's work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC.

16. Author 1993 ，Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Excerpt from the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech "We stand here today as nothing more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social system whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people."

17. Author • In 1994, he was elected President of South Africa. • In 1999, he stepped down from his post and gave his power to his successor.

18. Author Nelson Mandela’s Contribution There is consensus in South Africa that without Mandela’s personal commitment to reconciliation, his moral authority, integrity, and intense compassion, the country’s transition to democracy might not have gone as smoothly. He brought about a peaceful transition from white to black rule.

19. Long Walk to Freedom Long Walk to Freedom is his moving and exhilarating autobiography, a book destined to take its place among the finest memoirs of history's greatest figures. Here for the first time, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela tells the extraordinary story of his life—an epic of struggle, setback, renewed hope, and ultimate triumph.

20. Picture of Robben Island • Robben Island

21. Picture of Robben Island • Robben Island

22. IV. Maximum Security Prison The sprawling Robben Island Maximum Security Prison was built in the early 1960s. The prison was built over graves from the leper period with slate dug from the stone quarries by the prisoners themselves. The Maximum Security Prison soon became known as the 'hell-hole' of apartheid. Nelson Mandela described it as 'without question the harshest, most iron-fisted outpost of the South African penal system'.

23. IV. Maximum Security Prison It became notorious worldwide for Spartan conditions and brutal treatment. The idea was to crush the opponents of apartheid and the ideas they stood for. Conditions were particularly bad in the first decade. However, by the mid-1970s conditions had improved.

24. Picture tour of Maximum Security Prison IV. Maximum Security Prison

25. Part Three Text Appreciation • Text Analysis • 1.Theme • 2.Structure • 3.Further discussion • II. Writing Devices • Parallelism • III.Sentence Paraphrase W B T L E

26. Text Analysis Theme: For Mandela, gardening is the source of spiritual fulfillment. Gardening gives Mandela inspiration for his revolutionary cause. Political leaders are like gardeners. W B T L E

27. Text AnalysisStructure of the text Part 1 (paras. 1— ) about: Part 2 (paras.9— ) about: It describes Mandela’s gardening experience. It shows how Mandela takes this hobby as a survival strategy. 8 It goes further to explain the significance of his gardening experience, which has become a metaphor and gives him inspiration on how to be a good revolutionary leader and how to nourish important human relationship. 11 W B T L E

28. Text Analysis Question 1: What can we learn from Para. 1? How Mandela spent the day. He spent the day talking with his comrades about his political cause. So readers can see that his political cause accounts for a lot in Mandela’s life in prison. And that’s why Mandela could get inspirations from his hobby—gardening in prison. W B T L E

29. Text Analysis Question 2: What part does Para. 2 play in the first para.? In this paragraph, it discusses how Mandela has well adapted himself to the life in prison. And the small things inside prison are also a source of his pride. Gardening gives him satisfaction, offers a taste of freedom, and makes him strong physically and mentally. It is a way to defy the enemy’s attempt to crush him spiritually. W B T L E

30. Text Analysis Question 3: What is the role of Para. 8 in the first part? From para. 3 to para. 7, Mandela shows gardening in detail. In para. 8, Mandela comes to a conclusion as to the role gardening plays in his life in prison. Thus this paragraph corresponds with para. 2. W B T L E

31. Text Analysis Question 4: In some way, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspects of my life. What is being compared? How does “the garden” enter into the comparison? (Para. 9) Mandela is comparing his gardening with his responsibility in the revolutionary cause. Like in gardening, in his struggle as a revolutionary leader, he also has to plant seeds, cultivate, take care of the fruit trees he has planted, until in the end he harvests the result. Both of them need care, cultivation, eradication if necessary, and harvest. W B T L E

32. Text Analysis • Question 5: • What does Mandela imply by saying it?"Like gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate…and eliminate what cannot succeed. "(Para. 9) Mandela is talking about his relations with his followers in general, and his relations with his wife in particular. If these differences concern matters of principle and cannot be reconciled, a leader must resolutely part with those people, as one has to eliminate the weeds in one’s garden. W B T L E

33. Text Analysis • Question 6: • Why does beautiful tomato plant ? (Para. 10) Here Mandela obviously imply his relationship with his wife. If not properly looked after and nourished, it would perish. W B T L E

34. Text Analysis • Question 7: • What does this sentence mean? "I don’t know what she read into that letter, but when I wrote it I had a mixture of feelings…? " (Para. 11) Mandela wants to have a harmonious relationship with his wife. He does not want to see what has happened to the beautiful tomato plant happens to his marriage. But on the other hand, he feels powerless to nourish his relationship with his wife. Here many of the most important relationships refer specifically to his relationship with his wife. W B T L E

35. Text AnalysisDiscussions about the story • What did Mandela say one should do if he wanted to survive in prison? What made him feel fulfilled? • How did he keep his mind active and his body fit? • What did he usually do to amuse himself? • Had Mandela ever owned a garden before? What was his first experience at gardening? Did he enjoy it? Why or why not? • Was he able to cut out a big garden? What was the soil like? Was it easy to start a garden in the courtyard? What did Mandela have to do to find enough room for growing plants? W B T L E

36. Text AnalysisDiscussions about the story • What did Mandela plant at first? Why did he choose those hardy plants? Where did he get the seeds? Why do you think the authorities were so kind to him? • Did he have good harvests at first? Did they improve later? How did Mandela make his garden flourish? • Did Mandela do his gardening according to the books? Why or why not? How did he do it then? Did he always succeed? • Retell the story in your own words. W B T L E

37. Parallelism • Writing Devices Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses I could now spend the day reading, writing letters, discussing issues with my comrades, or preparing legal documents. (1) Four gerund phrases are coordinated used as the prepositional object. W B T L E

38. Parallelism • Writing Devices One can feel fulfilled by washing one’s clothes so that they are particularly clean, by sweeping a hallway so that it is empty of dust, by organizing one’s cell to save as much space as possible. (2) Three prepositional phrases introduced by “by” are coordinated used as adverbial of manner W B T L E

39. Parallelism • Writing Devices To plant a seed, watch it grow, to tend it and then harvest it, offered a simple but enduring satisfaction. (8) In this sentence, four infinitive phrases are used together as the subject of the sentence to describe the work involved in gardening so as to impress readers. W B T L E

40. Parallelism • Writing Devices They must mind their work, try to drive back enemies, save what can be saved, and eliminate what cannot succeed. (9) Four verbs are coordinated as the predicate of the sentence to illustrate what leaders need to do. W B T L E

41. Parallelism • Writing Devices Please compare the following two sentences. Are there any differences? In which sentence is the meaning well-conveyed? When it finally died, I removed the roots from the soil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden. When it finally died, I buried them in a corner of the garden. W B T L E

42. Parallelism • Writing Devices When it finally died, I removed the roots from the soil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden. (10) Three verbs are coordinated as the predicate of the main clause to show what Mandela did after the tomato plant died. Thus it can show Mandela’s feelings toward the death of the plant—sad. Because the story is an allusion to his relationship with his wife, we can see his feeling and attitude toward their relationship. W B T L E

43. Parallelism • Writing Devices parallelism of words:She tried to make her pastry fluffy, sweet, and delicate. parallelism of phrases:Singing a song or writing a poem is joyous. parallelism of clauses:Perch are inexpensive; cod are cheap; trout are abundant; but salmon are best. W B T L E

44. Parallelism: more examples • Writing Devices Please revise the following sentences into parallel structures. 1. I enjoy biking and to walk down by the pier. I enjoy biking and walking down by the pier. 2. Boy Scouts at the camp can learn cooking, canoeing, swimming, or how to make ropes. W B T L E

45. Parallelism: more examples • Writing Devices Boy Scouts at the camp can learn cooking, canoeing, swimming, or rope-making. 3. Non-traditional students often study long hours, get limited sleep, and up again with the sunrise. Non-traditional students often study long hours, get limited sleep, and are up again with the sunrise. W B T L E

46. Parallelism: more examples • Writing Devices 4. The hurricane not only destroyed the fishing fleet but also the homes of the fishermen. The hurricane destroyed not only the fishing fleet but also the homes of the fishermen. W B T L E

47. Parallelism: more examples • Writing Devices 5. Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed. Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method. 6. It’s a time not for words, but action. It’s a time not for words, but for action. W B T L E

48. Sentence Paraphrase 1 In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor and arrange some type of work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section. (1) the people in charge, referring to the prison authorities the part of prison where Mandela stayed W B T L E

49. Sentence Paraphrase 2 The end of manual labor was liberating. (1) The present participle of the verb is used as an adjective to express the idea of “making sb. feel liberated”. Here the word cannot be replaced by “liberated”. Mandela is talking about forced labor. He felt liberated after the manual labor had been ended. go to 3 W B T L E

50. Sentence Paraphrase 2 1. fascinated 2. fascinating 3. touched 4. touching • Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the word given. • I was _____ to hear the story of his travels in South Africa. (fascinate) • The book offers a _______ glimpse of the lives of the rich and famous. (fascinate) • I was ____ by all the cards my friends sent me when I was in hospital. (touch) • The way she looked after her little sister was really ______. (touch) W B T L E