Group members:- Himasweta pattanaik M.A.Sravni Liakat ali khan Agamani karmakar

1. IPV6,ICMPV6 (ICMPV4) Group members:- Himaswetapattanaik M.A.Sravni Liakatali khan Agamanikarmakar

2. Presentation includes:- Ipv6 :- • Advantages • Packet format • Extension header • Transition • Dual stack • Tunneling • Header translation • Structure • Address space Icmpv6(icmpv4):- • Why • Comparison • Error reporting • Query

3. Ipv6:- • Internet working protocol version 6 • Also known as Ipng(internet working protocol, next generation ) • Accommodate the unforeseen growth of internet. • Other protocols like ICMP ,ARP ,RARP ,IGMP included in icmpv6. • Slow adoption • Mobile IP,IP telephony,and IP capable mobiletelephony require it.

4. Advantages:- • larger address space • better header format • new options • allowance for extension • support for resource allocation • support for more security

5. Packet format:- • Each packet is composed of mandatory base header followed by the payload. • Payload consist of two parts:- 1)optional extension header 2)data from upper layer

6. Contd… • Base header:- base header consists of eight fields. Those are *version *priority *flow label *payload length *next header *hop limit *source address *destination address

8. Priority:- • This field defines the priority of each packet with respect to other packet from same source. • If one of the two consecutive datagrams must be discarded then the datagram with lower packet priority will be discarded. • Ipv6 divides traffic into two broad categories:- a)congestion controlled traffic b)non congestion controlled traffic

9. Congestion controlled traffic:- • If a source adapts itself to traffic slowdown when there is congestion, the traffic is referred as congestion controlled traffic. • Tcp, which uses sliding window protocol can easily respond to traffic. • Congestion controlled data are assigned priorities from 0 to 7. • A priority of 0 is the lowest and a priority of 7 is highest.

10. Priorities for congestion-controlled traffic

11. Non-congestion controlled:- • Refers to a type of traffic that expects minimum delay. • Discarding of packet is not desirable. • Retransmission in most case is impossible • Source does not adapt itself to congestion. • Eg:- real time audio and video • Priority number assigned from 8 to 15.

12. Priorities for noncongestion-controlled traffic

13. Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 packet header

14. Extension header:- • Length of base header is fixed at 40 bytes. • To give greater functionality to IP datagram, the base header can be followed by up to 6 extension header. • All the 6 headers are defined in the following dig.

16. ipv4->ipv6 (The transition)

17. Dual stack:- • All host should have dual stack of protocols before migrating completely to V-6 • A station must run ipv6 and ipv4 simultaneously until all the internet uses ipv6. • To determine which version to send while sending the a packet to a destination the source host queries the DNS.

19. Tunneling:- • This is used when two computers using ipv6 want to communicate with each other and the packet must pass through a region that uses ipv4. • Packets must have ipv4 address. • Ipv4 packet is carrying an ipv6 packet as data,the protocol value is set to 41.

21. Header translation:- • It is necessary when the majority of the internet has moved to ipv6 but some system still use ipv4. • Sender wants to use ipv6, but the receiver does not understand it. • Header format must be totally changed to header translation. • Header of the ipv6 packet is converted to an ipv4 header.

23. Ipv6:- • Structure :- Ipv6 address consists of 16 bytes(octets);it is 128 bits long. An IPv6 address is 128 bits long.

24. Contd… Abbreviation :- Leading 0’s can be dropped not the trailing 0’s

26. Type prefixes for IPv6 addresses:-

27. Type prefixes for IPv6 addresses (continued)

28. Address space:- • Unicast :- *single computer *packets must be delivered to specific computer. *divided into two categories 1) geographically based 2) provider based generally used by a normal host as a unicast address

30. Multicast :- *used to define a group of hosts instead of 1 *packets sent to a multicast address must be delivered to each member of the group * flag :- it defines either the group address is permanent or transient.

31. Any cast:- *like a multicast address, defines a group of nodes *packets delivered to only one member of the group, the one with shortest route. Local address

32. Reserved address

33. ICMPv6 • Another protocol that has been modified in version 6 of the TCP/IP protocol suite is ICMP. • This new version, Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 ( ICMPv6 ), follows the same strategy and purposes of version 4. • ICMPv6, however, is more complicated than ICMPv4: some protocols that were independent in version 4 are now part of ICMPv6 and some new messages have been added to make it more useful.

34. Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6

35. Taxonomy of ICMPv6 messages

36. General format of ICMP messages

37. ERROR REPORTING MESSAGES • As we saw in our discussion of version 4, one of the main responsibilities of ICMP is to report errors.

38. Comparison of error-reporting messages in ICMPv4 and ICMPv6

39. Destination unreachable message

40. Packet-too-bit message

41. Time-exceeded message

42. Parameter-problem message

43. Redirection message format

44. . QUERY MESSAGES TCP/IP Protocol Suite

45. Table 27.8 Comparison of query messages in ICMPv4 and ICMPv6

46. Echo request and reply messages

47. Router-solicitation and advertisement message formats

48. Neighbor-solicitation and advertisement message formats

49. Group-membership messages

50. Group-membership message formats