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On Relationships among Models, Meta Models and Ontologies

On Relationships among Models, Meta Models and Ontologies. Motoshi Saeki Tokyo Institute of Technology Haruhiko Kaiya Shinshu University. DSM'06@OOPSLA2006, Oct. 22, 2006, Portland. Motivation & Approach. Meta Model: Abstract Syntax for DSL

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On Relationships among Models, Meta Models and Ontologies

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  1. On Relationships among Models, Meta Models and Ontologies Motoshi Saeki Tokyo Institute of Technology Haruhiko Kaiya Shinshu University DSM'06@OOPSLA2006, Oct. 22, 2006, Portland

  2. Motivation & Approach • Meta Model: Abstract Syntax for DSL • Semantics of Models and Meta Models? Semantic Consistency & Completeness • Using Ontology: Thesaurus + Inference Rules • Semantic Concept: Common Words where everybody can have the same and unique interpretation in a domain • Structure (Concepts and Relationships) : Thesaurus • mechanisms to infer/calculate the semantic properties on the ontology

  3. Domain Ontology: Example Specifying semantics of a specific area, e.g. Lift Control System, Insurance Business, etc. Using Class Diagram Word = Class Relationship = Association

  4. Basic Idea Model aaa bbb semantic mapping A B E cause C D Domain Ontology (thesaurus part only)

  5. Basic Idea Model aaa bbb "A causes C" on the Domain Ontology semantic mapping A B E cause C D Domain Ontology (thesaurus part only)

  6. Basic Idea Model aaa Adding ccc bbb ccc "aaa causes ccc" for semantic consistency semantic mapping Inference on the structure of the ontology A B E cause Finding Semantic Inconsistency and Incompleteness C D Domain Ontology (thesaurus part only)

  7. Model v.s. Domain Ontology Scheduler Lift Door 1: request 2: up 3: arrived 4: open Model

  8. Model v.s. Domain Ontology Scheduler Lift Door 1: request 2: up 3: arrived 4: open next <<Event>> <<Event>> Move Stop next <<Object>> <<Class>> Lift Lifts <<Object>> <<Class>> Door Doors next <<Event>> <<Event>> next Open Close next next Model Domain Ontology next : Temporal order of execution

  9. Model v.s. Domain Ontology Scheduler Lift Door 1: request 2: up 3: arrived 4: open next <<Event>> <<Event>> Move Stop next <<Object>> <<Class>> Lift Lifts <<Object>> <<Class>> Door Doors next <<Event>> <<Event>> next Open Close next next Model Domain Ontology semantic mapping

  10. Model v.s. Domain Ontology Scheduler Lift Door 1: request 2: up 3: arrived 4: open next <<Event>> <<Event>> Move Stop next <<Object>> <<Class>> Lift Lifts <<Object>> <<Class>> Door Doors next <<Event>> <<Event>> next Open Close next next Model Domain Ontology semantic mapping ? Inference of causality Model: up causes arrived causes open Ontology: Move nextStopnext Open Stop missing!

  11. Meta Model v.s. Meta Model Ontology Meta Model of Sequence Diagram Data carry Message receive send Object

  12. Meta Model v.s. Meta Model Ontology Meta Model Ontology Meta Model of Sequence Diagram consume Function Data Data produce describe associate carry change-from Message State Event next change-to participate receive send source Class Association Object describe destination describe abstraction manipulate Object

  13. Meta Model v.s. Meta Model Ontology Meta Model Ontology semantic mapping Meta Model of Sequence Diagram consume Function Data Data produce describe associate carry change-from Message State Event next change-to participate receive send source Class Association Object describe destination describe abstraction manipulate Object

  14. Meta Model v.s. Meta Model Ontology Meta Model Ontology semantic mapping Meta Model of Sequence Diagram consume Function Data Data produce describe associate carry change-from ? Message State Event next change-to participate receive send source Class Association Object describe destination describe abstraction manipulate Object Meta Model: Message carry Data, Message ? Message Ontology: Event associate Data, Event next Event Next missing

  15. Meta Model v.s. Meta Model Ontology Meta Model Ontology Meta Model of Sequence Diagram consume Function Data Data produce describe associate carry cause change-from Message State Event next change-to participate receive send source Class Association Object describe destination describe abstraction Adding "cause" manipulate Object Semantic Quality = 6/7

  16. Relationships Semantic Domain Syntactic Domain semantic mapping Meta Model Ontology Meta Model Inference Rule#2 M2 Layer (in MOF) instantiation instantiation M1 Layer (in MOF) Inference Rule#1 Domain Ontology Model semantic mapping

  17. Summary & Future Work • Providing Semantics for Models and Meta Models using Ontologies • How faithfully a model and a meta model reflect their ontologies? • Deviations from Ontologies represent semantic inconsistency and incompleteness • Future Application • Semantic Quality Measurement for Models and Meta Models (DSL) • Elaborating a Meta Model Ontology • Reasoning Properties on Models and Meta Models • Automated Tool for Reasoning, Calculating, ...

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