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CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 11. Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America. Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England Section 3: English Colonial Expansion Section 4: The Enlightenment Section 5: The American Revolution. SECTION 4. The Enlightenment.

luboslaw-kozlowski
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CHAPTER 11

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  1. CHAPTER 11 Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America Section 1:Civil War and Revolution Section 2:Constitutional Monarchy in England Section 3:English Colonial Expansion Section 4:The Enlightenment Section 5:The American Revolution

  2. SECTION 4 The Enlightenment Bell Ringer 11.4: Create a chart that details the beliefs of Enlightenment philosophers.

  3. Chapter 11 Section 4 • Path to the Enlightenment A. The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement. The Enlightenment philosophers hoped to make a better society by applying the scientific method and reason to social problems.

  4. B. Enlightenment philosophers thought that society was governed by natural laws. This belief that truth can be determined solely by logical thinking was called rationalism.

  5. C. Enlightenment philosophers most famous and ambitious project was The Encyclopedia, a sort of handbook describing the ideas of the Enlightenment that became the most famous publication of the period. The Encyclopedia was edited by philosopher Denis Diderot. He published the first edition in 28 volumes between 1751 and 1772.

  6. SECTION 4 The Enlightenment Diderot

  7. Philosophes and Their Ideas A. Montesquieu wrote The Spirit of the Laws, he studied governments to find the natural laws governing social and political relationships. He identified three kinds of governments: republics, despotism, and monarchies.

  8. SECTION 4 The Enlightenment Montesquieu Spirit of the Laws1748

  9. B. Republic- form of government in which the leader is elected by the people. Despotism- form of government in which the leader has absolute power, such as a military dictator. Monarchy- form of government in which the leader is appointed through royal blood lines.

  10. C. Montesquieu argued that government functioned best through a separation of powers (executive, legislative, and judicial) controlled by checks and balances. This structure gives the greatest freedom and security to the state. Montesquieu’s ideas influenced the American framers of the Constitution.

  11. D. The greatest figure of the Enlightenment was Voltaire. Voltaire was best known for his criticism of Christianity. Voltaire championed deism, a religious philosophy based on reason and natural law.

  12. SECTION 4 The Enlightenment Voltaire Mr. Enlightenment Champion of religious freedom & freedom of thought

  13. E. Deist believed that God created the world through established natural laws, and then let it run without his intervention. Voltaire became famous as a champion of religious freedom, freedom of thought, and freedom of speech.

  14. Toward a New Social Science A. The Enlightenment’s beliefs created new social sciences, such as economics and political science. Jean-Jacques Rousseau published The Social Contract. He wrote that good government must be based on popular sovereignty. By this he meant that government must be created by and controlled by the people.

  15. SECTION 4 The Enlightenment RousseauThe Social Contract People are naturallygood …. The idea ofpopular sovereignty

  16. B. Philosopher Adam Smith founded modern economics. He believed that if people were free to pursue their economic self-interest, all of society would benefit. Smith developed the term laissez-faire “allow to do” or “hands-off,” which argued that government should not interfere with the natural economic process.

  17. C. Adam Smith expressed his beliefs about economics in his work The Wealth of Nations. Smith said that government had three purposes: 1. protect society from invasion (army) 2. defend citizens from injustice (police) 3. maintain public works (roads)

  18. SECTION 4 The Enlightenment Mary Wollstonecraft Founding feminist philosopher A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)

  19. SECTION 4 Diderot Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau The Enlightenment wrote Spirit of the Laws, described “perfect” government; Checks & balances wrote The Social Contract, believed in popularsovereignty edited Encyclopedia, criticized society wrote Candide, championed freedom of thought and religion

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