1 / 26

Rebuilding Georgia: Challenges and Progress after the Civil War

Explore post-war devastation in Georgia & the role of Freedmen's Bureau. Discover political reconstruction plans & battles for civil rights. Learn about key figures shaping Georgia's future.

luana
Download Presentation

Rebuilding Georgia: Challenges and Progress after the Civil War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reconstruction Chapter 14

  2. Georgia after the War Atlanta Depot after Sherman’s departure • Most houses, farms and businesses had been destroyed • Businesses and banks were not functioning • Lack of food; Starvation • Confederate money was worthless • $20 million in war debt • Many adult males died or were injured and required care

  3. The Freedmen’s Bureau • Freedman: former slave • Homeless, uneducated, and “broken” • Suffered from discrimination and fear • Freedmen’s Bureau: helped both blacks and whites recover and get back on their feet • 1st Commissioner: Oliver O. Howard (Union Gen.) • Founded Howard University • i.e.. clothing, food, shelter… • Helped Freedmen with voting (ballots), land and education

  4. The Freedmen’s Bureau • _______________: former slave • Homeless, uneducated, and “broken” • Suffered from discrimination and fear • ________________: helped both blacks and whites recover and get back on their feet • 1st Commissioner: Oliver O. Howard (Union Gen.) • Founded Howard University • i.e.. clothing, food, shelter… • Helped Freedmen with voting (ballots), land and education

  5. Political Reconstruction Lincoln’s Plan • All southerners, except for high-ranking Confederate civil and military leaders, would be pardoned after taking an “oath of allegiance”. • 10% of the voters had to agree to rejoin the Union before permission was granted • Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre (April 14, 1865) • “Our American Cousin” • Andrew Johnson (VP) becomes President Ford’s Theatre in Wash. DC

  6. Lincoln’s Plan • All southerners, except for high-ranking Confederate civil and military leaders, would be pardoned after taking an “oath of allegiance”. • 10% of the voters had to agree to rejoin the Union before permission was granted • Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre (April 14, 1865) • “Our American Cousin” • Andrew Johnson (VP) becomes President

  7. Political Reconstruction II Johnson’s Plan • Johnson expanded the group of Southerners who were NOT pardoned by the Union • People who owned property of more than $20,000, had to apply directly to the President • Plantation Owners • Johnson also required Southern states to write new constitutions that abolished slavery Andrew Johnson Plantation in Washington, GA

  8. Radical Republicans • Radical Republican: Northern Republican Senators who wanted to punish the South for slavery and secession. • Called for stronger requirements to rejoin the Union • Felt that blacks would become disenfranchised (Voting rights taken away) • Due to this pressure, Johnson added 3 more requirements: • States had to repeal secession ordinances • States had to void all war debt • States had to ratify 13th Amendment: abolished slavery Freedman’s Official trying to keep the southern peace

  9. PHASE I Governor’s Mansion in Milledgeville Celebration of Emancipation Georgia’s Constitutional Convention of 1865 James Johnson: GA’s Provisional Governor • Repealed ordinance of secession • Voted to outlaw slavery • Wrote a new constitution • Ratified the 13th Amendment • Elected a governor (Charles Jenkins), Senators, and House Reps. • ALL requirements for reconstruction had been met!

  10. Georgia Discrimination Even though Georgia voted to give civil rights to freed blacks, they were greatly limited. • Black Codes: designed to restrict the rights of freedmen. • Regulated employment • Permitted whipping as punishment • Allowed imprisonment of unemployed blacks • Restricted jury participation • Rejected voting rights

  11. PHASE II General John Pope Reconstruction Military Districts Because of Georgia’s use of the Black Codes, they were not allowed statehood until a new set of requirements were met! • 14th Amendment: Forbids any state from making laws that would limit the rights and privileges of ANY citizen. • Georgia refused to ratify • Military rule enacted in 1867 • Southern States divided into 5 Military Districts • Georgia, Alabama, Florida: 3rd Military District • General John Pope

  12. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers • Scalawags: southerners who supported the Radical Republicans Reconstruction plans. • Carpetbaggers: northerners who had moved into the South to help carry out Congress’ Reconstruction Plan. • They came to earn money and take advantage of the situation at hand. Cartoonists rendering of a Carpetbagger

  13. Black Georgian Delegates Delegates at the GA Constitutional Convention of 1867 • Tunis G. Campbell: native of New Jersey and a Freedmen’s Bureau agent. • Introduced laws that kept people who couldn’t pay their debts out of prison. • Henry Turner: born free in S.C. • 1st Black chaplain in US Army • Aaron Bradley: GA slave who escaped to NY…outspoken, quick tempered • Expelled from Convention • Elected to GA Senate (1868) Tunis G. Campbell Henry Turner

  14. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) “Worse than slavery!” This is why the Rebel Flag has problems! • Secret racist organization that tried to keep blacks from using their civil rights • Began in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865 • Ex-Confederate Soldiers who felt the war was still be fought.

  15. Georgia Government • Capital moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta due to the fact that Milledgeville would not accommodate the black delegates (1868) • Rufus Bullock became governor (Native to New York) • Georgia had met all Phase II requirements to enter the Union Rufus Bullock Early Milledgeville

  16. PHASE III • The Georgia General Assembly expelled 28 of 32 black legislatures. • Georgia Act: placed Georgia under military rule for the 3rd time. • 15th Amendment: rights of citizens to vote and hold political office cannot be denied… • Georgia had to ratify before applying for statehood.

  17. Economic Reconstruction • Economic Civil War Fallout • Banks failed • Confederate money worthless • 2/3 railroads unusable • War debt • Former Slaves without jobs, homes, food… • Farmers without workers • Reconstruction Promise to obtain votes: “40 acres and a mule…” to all freedmen who voted.

  18. Using and repairing the land • Sharecropping: land owner provides land, shelter, tools, animals, seed, fertilizer…workers agreed to give land owners a share of the harvest. • Most ended in debt • Tenant Farming: similar to sharecropping…the difference being that the tenants owned agricultural equipment and farm animals…bought their own seed and fertilizer. • Profitable • Both allowed farmers (land owners) to keep their farms in operation without spending money. • 1870-Georgia began to exceed pre-war cotton production • The Coastal Region was not as lucky

  19. Reconstruction Gains • With Northern financial help, textile mills, banks, railroads and businesses started to make its way out of the rubble. • Savannah and Brunswick were again becoming the leading export ports in the South.

  20. History of Atlanta “Zero” Milepost Early Marietta grew due to railroads • Founded in 1837, by railroad engineer Stephen Long • 1st called Terminus…as a route for Georgia State Railroad (Ended here!) • Marthasville…in honor of Governor Lumpkin’s Daughter • Atlanta…due to the freight markings of ATL “Atlantic” as a destination… • Before the war, Atlanta was Georgia’s 4th largest city and grew steadily through the war. • After a proud rebuilding period, Atlanta became the capital in 1868.

  21. Social and Cultural Reconstruction RELIGION • Church membership grew rapidly…especially as houses of worship were rebuilt • Episcopalians reunited with their churches in the North • Baptists did not reunite and remain a “Southern” religious organization • Black churches grew in number and influence Woodstock Baptist Church

  22. Social and Cultural Reconstruction Education • Improved with northern money and missionary help • 1870-the General Assembly passed an Act to “…establish a system of public education…” • Divided state into local school districts • Provided state school commissioner • Provided state board of education • 1869-Georgia Education Association formed • Gustavus J. Orr-Father of Georgia Public Education (1st Chairman) • 4 Month school year due to need for agricultural help on farms

  23. Segregation in Education • 1870: separate but equal schools for blacks and whites • 1872: “Equal as far as practicable.”

  24. Social and Cultural Reconstruction Literature • “Little Women” by Louisa Mae Alcott • The trials of a New England family during the Civil War • “A side show of the Southern Side of the War” by Bill Arp (Pen name for Charles Henry Smith) • Humor to describe woes of defeated South • “Southern Cultivator” • Georgia magazine for farming • “The Atlantic Monthly” • National Magazine • “The Saturday Press” • Published in New York…brought fame to Mark Twain • 1868: Atlanta Constitution…”Voice of the South” • Newspaper

  25. Credits • Page 2: http://www.ngeorgia.com/history/reconstruction.html • Page 4: http://www.nps.gov/foth/index2.htm • Page 4: http://www.celebritymorgue.com/abraham-lincoln/ • Page 5: http://www.americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=17 • Page 5: http://www.washingtonplantation.com/ • Page 6: http://lsm.crt.state.la.us/cabildo/cab11.htm • Page 7: http://www.gcsu.edu/acad_affairs/ce_ps/mansion/visit.htm • Page 7: http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery_pictures.htm • Page 9: http://www.civilwarhome.com/popebio.htm • Page 9: http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ushist/timeline/recnstrc.htm • Page 10: http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/reconstruction_of_the_south/pages/resources.html • Page 11: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAturnerHM.htm • Page 11: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/Religion/HistoricalFigures&id=h-2903 • Page 12: http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/html/1010.html • Page 12: http://www.indexstock.com/store/Chubby.asp?ImageNumber=423144 • Page 13: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-4810 • Page 13: http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ga/county/baldwin/home.html • Page 14: http://www.washburn.k12.il.us/school%20jr%20high/department%20social%20studies/aeschliman/civilwar.html • Page 15: http://www.imh.org/imh/bw/mule.html • Page 16: http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/brown/photos.htm • Page 17: http://www.brunswickga.org/ • Page 18: http://roadsidegeorgia.com/city/marietta.html • Page 18: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/atlanta/wes.htm • Page 19: http://www.fbcw.org/info/default2.html • Page 21: http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/sepbutequal.htm

More Related