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Electronic Imaging Fundamentals: BISCUITS

Quality control is crucial in the food industry, especially for biscuit inspection. Human inspectors often face short- and long-term variations, leading to inconsistencies. This paper proposes an automated biscuit inspection system utilizing cameras for precise image analysis of biscuit size, thickness, color, shape, and filling. The system raises an alarm when measurements fall outside specifications, ensuring high-quality output. By employing advanced imaging techniques, the inspection process offers better precision, reproducibility, and throughput compared to manual methods.

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Electronic Imaging Fundamentals: BISCUITS

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  1. Electronic Imaging Fundamentals: BISCUITS July 2008 “..any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clark

  2. Background:Quality control is of major importance in the food industry. Inspection of the biscuit by human inspectors prone to short and long term variations. An automated biscuit inspection system using cameras is proposed.

  3. Requirement:Provide image analysis technology linked to a camera to measure biscuit size / thickness / colour / shape and filling. ALARM when measurement obtained is outside SPEC, allowing biscuit to be rejected.

  4. Why do Image Analysis? Better Definition of Contrasting Areas Improved Precision/Accuracy in Measurements Reproducibility of Results Higher Throughput than Manual Methods

  5. A Word About Our Eyes Eyes are very good contrast adjusters, but not good for distinguishing subtle variations in color Eyes can discern about 30 continuous levels of gray or color in a field of view Eyes are not good judges of distance Eyes cannot accurately reproduce measurements

  6. Which is BIGGER / LONGER???

  7. Electronic Imaging Fundamentals Acquire Process Identify Analyze Report

  8. Acquiring the Image Arguably, the most important aspect of all Proper setup of imaging apparatus is vital Obtain maximum contrast and dynamic range Reduce “noise” and other unwanted artifacts Uniform lighting (light) Product presentation (right way up) Speed (CCTV VS DIGITAL)

  9. Local I/Os: • Trigger input • Results output Illumination control Illumination Acquire Image sensor Pre-processing Digitizing (Lens Iris Video) Cat-5e Ethernet cable up to 100 m Image Processing In PC Lens Power Interface Timing PLC

  10. Calibration Size (length, width) Colour (filling; biscuit) Combinations of the above

  11. Site visit:2 cameras per lane1 for filling, 1 for breakages10-15 biscuits per second10 cm working areaConcern of cream on lens?

  12. Thresholding an Image Select appropriate morphometric characteristics Identify regions of interest to analyse Mask regions Colour Size Shape Intensity

  13. Damaged Biscuits Recorded Rejected % allowed % to alarm % to turn off machine

  14. NEXT STEP: • 2 Options • Option 1: Order System • 3 Payment Options: • Capital (+- R 45 000.00 per line) • Rental per Month (+-R 8 000.00) • Cost per Biscuit (0.08 c) • Option 2: Consulting • @ R 7 500.00 to prove above costs

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