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Exploring Animal Kingdom: Body Symmetry and Developmental Traits

Delve into the diverse characteristics of animal phyla, from coelom development to digestive patterns. Learn about protostomes, deuterostomes, and the evolution of animals from colonial protists. Discover radial and bilateral symmetry in various phyla like Porifera, Cnidaria, and more. Uncover the unique features of different classes under Phylum Chordata, including jawless fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Explore the fascinating world of animal development and evolutionary traits!

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Exploring Animal Kingdom: Body Symmetry and Developmental Traits

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  1. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia

  2. Coelom? • Body cavity - space between digestive tract wall and body wall, surrounded by mesoderm cells, location of organs • Phyla: Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

  3. Pseudocoelom? • Space around digestive cavity, not surrounded by mesoderm cells • Phylum Nematoda

  4. gut gut gut

  5. Symmetry • Balance or arrangement of parts • asymmetry- no symmetry • Porifera • radial- wheel plan • Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinoderm adults • bilateral- 2 sided • Echinoderm larva, Platyhelminthes, Arthropods, Annelids, Chordata

  6. Protostome? • Coelom develops from a solid mass of cells, blastopore becomes mouth • Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda Mouth

  7. Deuterostome? • Coelom forms from outgrowth of digestive tube, blastopore becomes anus • Echinodermata, Chordata Anus

  8. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia

  9. Traits • Eukaryote • Multicellular • Heterotroph • No cell wall • Diploid except for gametes • Most internal digestion • Most zygotes with developmental stages

  10. Animals probably evolved from colonial protists

  11. Phylum Porifera • Traits • Radial or asymmetry • 3 layers of cells, no tissues or organs • No developmental stages or layers • Cellular digestion • Water dwelling • Examples: sponge

  12. Phylum Cnidaria • Traits: • Radial symmetry • Tissues (muscle, nerve) no organs • 2 developmental layers (endo & ectoderm) • No coelom • One opening • Tentacles with stinging cells • Water dwelling

  13. Phylum Cnidaria • Examples: coral, hydra, sea anemone, jellyfish

  14. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Traits: • Bilateral symmetry • Simple organs and systems • 3 developmental layers (endo, ecto, mesoderm) • No coelom • One opening • Examples: planaria, flukes, tapeworms

  15. tapeworm

  16. fluke

  17. Phylum Nematoda • Traits: • Bilateral • Organs and systems (no circulatory) • 3 developmental layers • Pseudocoelom • 2 openings • Examples: nematodes of soil & water, trichina parasites

  18. Phylum Mollusca • Traits: • Bilateral, 3 layers, 2 openings, coelom • Organs and systems (open circulatory) • Coelom (protostome) • Examples: snail, slug, oyster, octopus, clam

  19. Phylum Annelida • Traits: • Bilateral, 3 layers, 2 openings, coelom • Systems (closed circ) • Segments • Coelom (protostome) • Examples: earthworms, sandworms, leeches

  20. Phylum Arthropoda • Traits: • Bilateral, 3 layers, 2 openings • Coelom (protostome) • Exoskeleton of chitin • Jointed appendages • Examples: spider, insect, lobster, scorpion, tick

  21. Phylum Arthropoda • 5 classes: • Horseshoe crabs • Arachnids (spiders) • Crustaceans (lobsters, crabs) • Millipedes and centipedes • Insects (grasshoppers, bees, butterflies, ants, mosquitoes)

  22. Phylum Echinodermata • Traits: • Bilateral larvae, radial adults • 3 layers, 2 openings • Coelom (deuterostome) • Endoskeleton • Water vascular system, marine • Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber

  23. Phylum Chordata • Traits: • Bilateral, 3 layers, 2 openings • Coelom (deuterostome) • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Notochord (cartilage rod in back) • Gill structures • Post-anal tail • Invertebrate examples: tunicates, lancelets

  24. tunicate

  25. Lancelet

  26. Classes Vertebrate chordates • Agnatha- Jawless fish- lamprey

  27. Classes Vertebrate chordates • Chondrichthyes- cartilage fish, gill slits, no scales- sharks, rays

  28. Ray

  29. Classes Vertebrate chordates • Osteichthyes- bony fish, scales, operculum- tuna, trout, koi

  30. Classes Vertebrate chordates • Amphibian- no hard shell on eggs, moist skin, reproduce in water- frogs, toads, salamanders

  31. Classes Vertebrate chordates • Reptilia- shelled (amniotic) egg, cold blooded (ectothermic), scales-lizards, snakes, alligators, turtles

  32. Classes Vertebrate chordates • Aves- shelled amniotic egg, warm blooded (endothermic), scales & feathers • birds of all kinds

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