1 / 65

“Cells”

Explore the fascinating world of cells and their importance in living organisms. Discover how cells got their name, learn about the scientific method, and understand the cell theory. Dive into the different types of cells, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and explore cell organelles and their functions. Get ready to expand your knowledge with 22 clicker questions!

lfermin
Download Presentation

“Cells”

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. “Cells” What is all this fuss about? 22 Clicker Questions….. Get Ready!

  2. Cell Discovery How did cells get their name? Robert Hooke • Made a simple microscope • Looked at a piece of cork under his microscope • Looked like little chambers in a monastery • The monks lived in chambers called cells • Hooke called the chambers in the cork “cells”

  3. Scientific Method Hypothesis: This is an educated guess based upon observation. It is a rational explanation of a single event or phenomenon based upon what is observed, but which has not been proved. Most hypotheses can be supported or refuted by experimentation or continued observation. What is the difference between a hypothesis, theory, and a law? Theory: A theory is an explanation of a set of related observations or events based upon proven hypotheses and verified multiple times by detached groups of researchers. One scientist cannot create a theory; he can only create a hypothesis. (Example: Theory of Relativity…pertains to gravity, time, & space) Law: In general, both a scientific theory and a scientific law are accepted to be true by the scientific community as a whole. But law describes a single action where a theory explains an entire group of related phenomena. (Example: Law of Gravity…pertains to gravity alone)

  4. Cell Theory • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms. 3. Cells arise only from previous existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells.

  5. Clicker Question #1 Who gave cells their name? • Charles Darwin • Robert Hooke • Albert Einstein • Gregory Mendel

  6. Clicker Question #2 Which of the following best describes a theory? • It is an idea • It is a statement based on an observation • It describes a single action in science and is accepted by all scientists • It is a scientifically accepted explanation based on a hypothesis that had been proven by many scientists

  7. Clicker Question #3 Which of the following statements is supported by the Cell Theory to identify if an amoeba is composed of a cell? • Amoebas have the ability to split to create another genetically identical amoeba. • Amoebas can move and hunt for food. • Amoebas need oxygen. • Amoebas must eat.

  8. Nucleus What is a nucleus? • A distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic information in the form of DNA. • Controls all of the cell’s activities

  9. Basic Cell Types What are the two basic types of cells? 1. Prokaryotes: Cells do NOT have a nucleus or organelles. Example: ALL Bacteria…E. coli, Strep, & Salmonella How to Remember “Trick”… Pro has NO nucleus

  10. Prokaryotes • Has NO Nucleus • Has Nucleoid(like a nucleus…but not a real one) • Has NO organelles REMEMBER…. Pro has NO nucleus

  11. Basic Cell Types What are the two basic types of cells? 2. Eukaryotes: Cells HAVE a nucleus and organelles. Examples: Plants, animals, fungus…All other cells How to Remember “Trick”… Eu has TRUE nucleus

  12. Eukaryotes • Has a true/real Nucleus • Has many different organelles REMEMBER…. Eu has TRUE nucleus

  13. Clicker Question #4 If a cell has a nucleus, it is considered a(n): • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Plant • Animal

  14. Clicker Question #5 If a cell does NOT have a nucleus, it is considered a(n): • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Plant • Animal

  15. Clicker Question #6 Which of the following is an example of an eukaryote? • a Virus • Staphylococcus • a sunflower • HIV

  16. Clicker Question #7 Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote? • mushrooms • E. coli • an oak tree • humans

  17. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  18. Cytoskeleton • Defined: Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm • Function: Aids in cell & organelle movement & support • 2 substructures: Mircotubules & Microfilaments

  19. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  20. Ribosomes • Defined: Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins. • Function: Synthesize/make proteins Can be found attached to E.R. or free in the cell Turn volume down

  21. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  22. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Defined: Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis. • Function: When rough (ribosomes), proteins are made here & transports

  23. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Transport system Rough ER(ribosomes attached) Smooth ER (No ribosomes attached) Endoplasmic Reticulum Plants & Animals Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

  24. Golgi Apparatus • Defined: Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to another organelle or out of the cell. • Function: Modifies and packages proteins

  25. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Transport system Rough ER(ribosomes attached) Smooth ER (No ribosomes attached) Endoplasmic Reticulum Plants & Animals Modifies & packages proteins Golgi Apparatus Create lysosomes Plants & Animals Lysosomes

  26. Lysosomes • Defined: Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances. • Function: Digests

  27. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Microfilaments & Microtubules Supporting network Cytoskeleton Plants & Animals Make proteins Free & attached Ribosomes Plants & Animals Transport system Rough ER(ribosomes attached) Smooth ER (No ribosomes attached) Endoplasmic Reticulum Plants & Animals Modifies & packages proteins Golgi Apparatus Create lysosomes Plants & Animals Digests food & dead organelles Filled with enzymes Lysosomes Plants & Animals

  28. Clicker Question #8 This organelle is composed of microfilaments and micotubules: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Cytoskeleton • Endoplasmic reticulum

  29. Clicker Question #9 This organelle synthesizes proteins: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Cytoskeleton • Endoplasmic reticulum

  30. Clicker Question #10 This organelle modifies proteins: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Golgi Apparatus • Endoplasmic reticulum

  31. Clicker Question #11 This organelle is filled with enzymes for digestion purposes: • Lysosome • Ribosome • Golgi Apparatus • Endoplasmic reticulum

  32. Mitochondria • Defined: Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell. • Function: Converts food into energy = Cellular respiration

  33. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Converts food into energy Cellular Respiration Powerhouse Mitochondria Plants & Animals Chloroplast Cell Wall

  34. Chloroplast • Defined: Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy & converts it to chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis. • Function: Coverts light, H2O, & CO2 into food = Photosynthesis

  35. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Converts food into energy Cellular Respiration Powerhouse Mitochondria Plants & Animals Plants ONLY Makes food from sunlight Chloroplast Photosynthesis Cell Wall

  36. Cell Wall • Defined: In plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides support & protection to the cell. • Function: In plants, bacteria, & fungi provides support

  37. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Converts food into energy Cellular Respiration Powerhouse Mitochondria Plants & Animals Plants ONLY Makes food from sunlight Chloroplast Photosynthesis Supports & protects NOT found in animals! Plants Bacteria Fungus Cell Wall

  38. Vacuole • Defined: Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, water, enzymes, and wastes. • Function: Storage

  39. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Converts food into energy Cellular Respiration Powerhouse Mitochondria Plants & Animals Plants ONLY Makes food from sunlight Chloroplast Photosynthesis Supports & protects NOT found in animals! Plants Bacteria Fungus Cell Wall Very large in plants Stores water, food, & waste Plants & Animals

  40. Cilia & Flagella • Cilia: Hair-like projections that functions in cell movement • Flagella: Long tail-like projection with a whip-like motion that helps a cell swim. Flagella

  41. Cell Organelles Function More Info Location Converts food into energy Cellular Respiration Powerhouse Mitochondria Plants & Animals Plants ONLY Makes food from sunlight Chloroplast Photosynthesis Supports & protects NOT found in animals! Plants Bacteria Fungus Cell Wall Very large in plants Stores water, food, & waste Plants & Animals Aids in swimming Cilia (many hairlike) Flagella (whip like) Plants & Animals

  42. Clicker Question #12 These are hair-like and aid cells in swimming/locomotion: • Cilia • Flagella • Flagellum • Tails

  43. Clicker Question #13 Photosynthesis occurs here: • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Cell Wall • Vacuole

  44. Clicker Question #14 These two organelles are NOT found in animal cells: • Chloroplast & Mitochondria • Cilia & Vacuoles • Cell Wall & Chloroplast • Mitochondria & Vacuoles

  45. Clicker Question #15 These are very large in plants and provides support when filled with water: • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Cell Wall • Vacuole

  46. Clicker Question #16 Which of the following has a cell wall? • Mushroom • Sunflower • E. coli • All of the above

  47. Endosymbiotic Theory • Endosymbiotic Theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms. • Endo- means inside • -symbiotic means relationship

  48. Endosymbiotic Theory • Prokaryotes entered ancestral eukaryotes • Prokaryotes did NOT act as a parasite by infecting the host (eukaryote) • Eukaryotes did NOTdigest the prokaryotes • Instead, the smaller prokaryotes began LIVING inside the larger cell – giving rise to eukaryotes

  49. Endosymbiotic Theory • 1st - Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have DNA similar to bacterial DNA. • 2nd – Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have ribosomes whose size & structure resembles those of bacteria. • 3rd – Like bacteria, Mitochondria & Chloroplasts reproduce by binary fission when the cells containing them divide by mitosis. Click Here For Animation Tutorial

More Related