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Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS. 2-1. Sample Types & Considering Factors for Collection Sample Types: According to the physical conditions ; solid, liquid, or gas samples According to the representativeness; bulk, partial, or mixed samples

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Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

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  1. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 2-1. Sample Types & Considering Factors for Collection • Sample Types: • According to the physical conditions ; solid, liquid, or gas samples • According to the representativeness; bulk, partial, or mixed samples • According to the conventional names; Rock, soil, stream water, groundwater, coal, plant, food etc. • Considering Factors: • The essential requisite for the sample is the representativeness of the object of sampling. • Then, consider • Purpose of sampling • Budget for the analysis • Characteristics (Types) of the samples

  2. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 2-2. Collection & Pretreatment of Water Samples • Water samples?: • Surface water (Streams, lakes, springs, etc.) • Groundwater • Meteoric water (rain, snow, fog, etc) • Others • Considering factors of water sampling; • Variable properties responding to a number of surrounding conditions such as T, P, time, biota, geology, etc. • Should consider • Water type • Parameters measured in the field • Required pretreatment • Geological & Hydrological conditions • Temporal & spatial variation • Others

  3. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • Methods: • Scooping • Grab sampling • Bailor / Bomb • Pumping

  4. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • Pretreatments: • Filtration; Removal of SS & (microbes), with 0.1, 0.2 or 0.45 mm pore membrane • Acidification; Prohibiting pptn of the DS, with HNO3 • Sterilization; Killing all the microbes, with HgCl2 • Refrigeration; Supress microbial activity at 4C

  5. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 3-3. Soil Sample Collection & Preparation • 3-3-1. General Considering Factors • Soil types • Soil profiles • Parents & local geology • Plantation • Land uses • Others • 3-3-2. Collection Methods • Shovels • Soil core sampler • Auger • Soil moisture sampler • Customized personalized devices

  6. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 3-3-3. Sampling Design • Grid • Barbell cluster • Nested Cell • Stratified vs. unstratified • 3-3-4. Treatment of Soil Samples • Drying • Sieving • Removal of organics • Grinding

  7. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

  8. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 3-4. Sediment Sample Collection & Preparation • 3-4-1. General Considering Factors • Spatial (horizontal) variation • Vertical (depth) variation • Size distribution • Temporal variation • Sedimentation mechanism (sedimentation media) • Disturbance by sampling • Parental rock • 3-4-2. Collection Methods • Grab • Core sampler • Customized personalized devices

  9. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 3-4-3. Sampling Design • Mostly depends on the distribution of the sediments • 3-3-4. Treatment of Soil Samples • Very similar to the soil sample treatment • Size fractionation

  10. Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS • 3-5. Rock Sample Collection & Preparation • 3-4-1. General Considering Factors • Rock types • Weathering • Grain size: generally sample size should be 60 times larger than the grain size ex) <1/16cm  3*4*1 cm • Structure & texture • Others • 3-4-2. Collection Methods • Hammer • Core sampler • Chiesle

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