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PREAMBLE OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (EEC – 404)

PREAMBLE OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (EEC – 404). PREAMBLE STRUCTURE HOLLISTIC FIX KEY CONCEPT KEY RESEARCH AREA KEY APPLICATION INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION RESEARCH HOW WE STUDY KEY JOBS PROJECTS ONE CAN DO TRENDS. INDEX. 1 . NAME OF THE INSTRUCTOR - Ms.M.Meghala

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PREAMBLE OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (EEC – 404)

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  1. PREAMBLE OFSIGNALS AND SYSTEMS(EEC – 404)

  2. PREAMBLE STRUCTURE • HOLLISTIC FIX • KEY CONCEPT • KEY RESEARCH AREA • KEY APPLICATION • INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION • RESEARCH • HOW WE STUDY • KEY JOBS • PROJECTS ONE CAN DO • TRENDS INDEX

  3. 1. NAME OF THE INSTRUCTOR - Ms.M.Meghala 2. CABIN LOCATION - Room No – 309 3. TELEPHONE NO. - 9058448514 4. EMAIL-ID - mehala_ece@rediffmail.com 5. MEETING HOURS - 2:00 PM – 3:00 PM TEACHERS INTRODUCTION

  4. PREREQUISITES (XII standard) • Basic Knowledge of taking LCM, Integration, Differentiation, • Logarithms, trigonometric laws. • Partial Fraction • Basic Knowledge of Probability. • Usage of all the mathematical function and its operations • applications • Knowledge of Waveforms – sine, cosine HOLLISTIC FIX OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

  5. HOLLISTIC FIX………Continued • PRE REQUISITES • (3th Semester) • Basic Principles of elementary signals and systems. • Types of signals and systems • Unit step • Ramp function • Sine, cosine, exponential • System representation - filters • Techniques • Differentiation, Integration • Lap lace, Fourier and Z Transforms

  6. ADVANCE COURSE (5th-8th SEM) • Digital Signal Processing • Radar and navigation • Satellite communication • Digital communication • Principals of communication • Wireless communication • Control systems HOLLISTIC FIX OF DC………Continued

  7. SCOPE IN RELATED FIELDS… • Mobile Communication • Wireless Technologies • Robotics • Signal Processing • Networking • Automation

  8. Block Diagram Signals and systems

  9. Processing of the signals Basic operations on signals Additon Multiplication Scaling Folding Shifting

  10. Operation on signals…… LAPLACE TRANSFORM

  11. Z Transform… http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://dspcan.homestead.com/files/Ztran/zlap-z.gif&imgrefurl=http://dspcan.homestead.com/files/Ztran/zlap.htm&usg=__Mdo9poqX2KGGkTCevQPNoiavyMg=&h=305&w=615&sz=16&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=8zORu9sYmfEhYM:&tbnh=67&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3DZ%2BTransform%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1

  12. Fourier Transform - - Also refer - Application http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://dsp.vscht.cz/figs/neuronove.gif&imgrefurl=http://dsp.vscht.cz/research_en.html&usg=__W2iVfgucU9_HOMuFhBFtyMRamj0=&h=295&w=350&sz=48&hl=en&start=39&itbs=1&tbnid=7hKCfZDvuDtFuM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfourier%2Btransform%2Bapplications%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

  13. Processing… Also see…… http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://math.fullerton.edu/mathews/c2003/ztransform/ZTransformTable/ZTransformTable.9.3.gif&imgrefurl=http://math.fullerton.edu/mathews/c2003/ZTransformIntroMod.html&usg=__JP912NK1YbEwS4mDpbaNjgYl9Kc=&h=311&w=623&sz=5&hl=en&start=45&itbs=1&tbnid=Pv7ceh5KWdakGM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsolution%2Bof%2BDifference%2Band%2Bdifferential%2Bequations%2B%2B-%2Bsignals%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

  14. Signal Processing….. Convolution Integral - CT Signals Convolution Sum - DT Signals For videos related to Convolution http://www.videa.vsetkyvidea.sk/video/MEDjw6VcDTY/Convolution-Examples-Convolution-Integral.html

  15. Fourier Transformation – operation on signalsApplications Time-Frequency Processing Conventional approach to retrieve Doppler spectrum is the Fourier transform. To use the Fourier transform adequately, some restrictions must be applied: the Doppler frequency contents of the data should not change within the time duration of the data. If the Doppler contents do change with time, the Doppler spectrum by using the Fourier transform becomes smeared and, thus, the cross-range resolution is degraded. However, the restrictions can be lifted if the Doppler information can be retrieved with time-frequency transforms which do not require stationary Doppler spectrum. Replacing the conventional Fourier transform with the joint time-frequency transform, a 2-D range-Doppler Fourier frame becomes a 3-D time-range-Doppler cube. By sampling in time, a time sequence of 2-D range-Doppler images can be viewed. Each individual time-sampled image from the cube provides not only superior resolution but also excellent noise performance with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.

  16. Correlation – Application…. http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://isi-systems.com/isi-sys-english/sensor-systems/vibro-correlation/setup-cs-01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://isi-systems.com/isi-sys-english/sensor-systems/vibro-correlation/vibro-correlation_e.htm&usg=__wA6txPYdYY3-ZGeGquPMCNJxnEE=&h=353&w=394&sz=97&hl=en&start=19&itbs=1&tbnid=uwR7uqb-OJhf2M:&tbnh=111&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcorrelation%2Bapplications%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

  17. Power spectral density - application the outward spiraling motion along a nearly planar surface plus the approach to such a surface from an opposing fixed point can be largely understood in terms of the linearized dynamics near the unstable fixed points at the center of each "butterfly wing". These hyperbolic fixed points have one stable direction (here indicated in red) and two unstable directions (indicated as green arrows around the fixed points), with the latter corresponding to a pair of complex eigenvalues with positive real part.

  18. Power spectral density Power spectral density P(f,p) of Saturn's dynamical motion as a function of frequency f and fractional change in Saturn's initial distance p from the Sun, based on a numerical simulation of all the planets and Sun in the Solar System interacting via their gravitational forces. For some values of the parameter p, e.g., between -0.002 and 0.002, the power spectra have well defined peaks and so the dynamics is periodic and predictable. For other parameter values, e.g., between .003 and 0.007, the spectra are broad band and so the dynamics are chaotic and unpredictable, implying that the Solar System itself is chaotic. From this figure, can you deduce whether the transition to chaos is supercritical as the parameter p is varied

  19. Spectral density - Applications http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://cdip.ucsd.edu/documents/index/waves_docs/spec_combo.png&imgrefurl=http://cdip.ucsd.edu/%3Fnav%3Ddocuments%26sub%3Dindex%26xitem%3Dwaves&usg=__yzvswmR9t6csZ7RNlYYuiNSyYiE=&h=441&w=613&sz=77&hl=en&start=22&itbs=1&tbnid=IkjzFiSrPyfL0M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3DEnergy%2Bspectral%2Bdensity%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

  20. Filter Design Design contains for 1. FIR Filter - Structures 2. IIR Filter - Structures

  21. Research areas in cluster of SS: • 1)Speech synthesis, Image Processing • 2)To analyse fading effect • 3)To reduce the noise to a zero level. • 4) To design continuous and discrete controls for automation KEY RESEARCH AREA OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

  22. Key Jobs & Companies PRIVATE SECTOR  Texas Instruments www.ti.com Alcatel Lucent.www.alcatel-lucent.inNSNwww.nokiasiemensnetworks.comST microelectronicswww.st.comReliance Communications www.relianceinfo.comBharti Airtelwww.airtel.in Wipro www.wipro.in Motorola www.motorola.com Ericson www.ericson.com

  23. Electronics Corporation of India Limited. www.ecil.co.in Bharat Electronics Limited. www.bel-india.com Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. www.hal-india.com Defense Research & Development Organization. www.drdo.org Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. www.bsnl.co.in ISRO www.isro.org Indian railway www.indianrailway.org NTPC www.ntpc.co.in PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS

  24. HOW WE STUDY......?

  25. Projects in Signals and Systems System based Projects: Filter design Function generator FM Receiver RF based home automation Finger Print Recognition Number plate recognition ECG data analysis to diagnosis cardiovascular diseases Implementation of modulation Automatic Vehicle Parking System.

  26. Trends in Signals and Systems Electro Mechanical Television system – 1884 Cathode Ray Tube Camera in 1880 1967- Voice Digitization technique- PCM 1969-Caterphone

  27. 1974- Data phone Digital Services 1980-Dial Modem Technology (FAX) 1984-Client Server Architectures 1990’s- VPN Trends Continued

  28. Till date- Broadband ISDN, Cell based transmission, Satellite & GPS, VOIP, Video Confrencing Encryption of the continuous signals Future Trends- High Speed communication across the galaxies To design filter close to ideal filter response Trends….. continued

  29. THANK YOU

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