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Lecture 1 The Concept of International Organisation March 20th 2006, 18.00-20.00

LUISS – Ph. D. in Political Theory Via Oreste Tommasini, 1, Room 111 Problems of International Organization A cycle of five lectures Prof. Daniele Archibugi. Lecture 1 The Concept of International Organisation March 20th 2006, 18.00-20.00. WARNING.

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Lecture 1 The Concept of International Organisation March 20th 2006, 18.00-20.00

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  1. LUISS – Ph. D. in Political TheoryVia Oreste Tommasini, 1, Room 111Problems of International OrganizationA cycle of five lecturesProf. Daniele Archibugi Lecture 1 The Concept of International Organisation March 20th 2006, 18.00-20.00

  2. WARNING • My lectures include strong language and scene of nudity. • They are not suitable for children and very sensitive souls

  3. The words “international organisation” • Inter-what? nations, states, governments? • Inter meaning across or between? • “Organisation” or “Organisations”? • Is there one single international organisation? • What we study under the entry “International Organisation”?

  4. Alternatives to International Organizations • Unilateral action • Climate change: US defects from provision of a public good (European perspective!) • US-Iraq War: US shoulders provision of a public good (US government perspective!) • Institution without organization • Antarctic Treaty 1959

  5. Typologies of International Organizations • Governmental/Non governmental • Global/Regional • Vast competencies/Restricted competencies • Real power/Symbolic Power • Domination/Function

  6. Inter-Governmental International Organisations (IGOs) • Existence of member states and secretariat: • Permanent Institutions • Formal and not informal, and based on a Charter, Statute, Treaty (G8 is therefore not an IGO) • Three or more members

  7. International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) • Members are individuals or private organisations • Participation of individuals of more than one country, but also aim extends to more than one country • Recognition from whom? Governments, International Organizations or global public opinion?

  8. Year 1909 1976 1987 1997 Number 37 252 1,649 1,850 Growth of Intergovernmental Organizations

  9. Year 1909 1976 1987 1997 Number 176 5,155 14,943 15,965 Growth of Non-governmental Organizations

  10. Global Organisations • Membership is potentially open to all territorial states • The case of greatest success: the United Nations • More limited cases, also among the INGOs. • All UN specialized agencies are open to membership, but not all UN member states join them

  11. Regional Organisations • Typical in a geographical region • The most sophisticated: the European Union • Other regional organisations: NATO, OECD • Regional Customs Union: Mercosur, Nafta, Asean • Political Regional Union: The Arab League

  12. Vast Competencies • Catholic Church • The United Nations • The European Union and the European Commission • NATO • Divergence between formal and substantial competences: what are the resources available?

  13. Specific Competencies • International Postal Union • Danube River Authority • NAFTA • Amnesty International • International Studies Association • Italian Consortium of Solidarity

  14. Power Available • Political, economic, military, symbolic power • Instruments in the hands of the International Organisation: own resources or resources coming from the member states? • The case of peace-keeping • The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank • The possibility of sanctions • A very important sanction: exclusion

  15. Power Available • “Tools of the strong” or “shields of the weak”? • Importance of sovereignty – veto system • Expected benefits: direct gains or side payments • Stronger states accept limitations to their autonomy • Weaker states accept predominant role of stronger states

  16. Why IO? • Advantages of Delegation • Advantages of Representations • Advantages for elites over the demos

  17. International Organisations and Sovereign States • What happen to state sovereignty when international organisations “erode their competencies? • What will remain of sovereignty? • What does it mean democratic deficit in IO? • The functionalist vision

  18. Once Nixon and Breznev

  19. Today Bush and Blair

  20. Even the Security Council is an alternative to power politics

  21. A case of IO • Will it be effective? • What is its authority? • What alternatives are left open to politics?

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