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WOOD CHARACTERISTICS

WOOD CHARACTERISTICS. MADE UP OF FIBERS AND CELLULOSE. CLASSIFIED IN ANGIOSPERMS AND GYMNOSPERMS. GYMNOSPERMS – CONIFEROUS CONE BEARING,NEEDLE LEAVES SOFT HIGHEST TREES;85-110 MTS

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WOOD CHARACTERISTICS

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  1. WOOD CHARACTERISTICS MADE UP OF FIBERS AND CELLULOSE. CLASSIFIED IN ANGIOSPERMS AND GYMNOSPERMS. GYMNOSPERMS – CONIFEROUS CONE BEARING,NEEDLE LEAVES SOFT HIGHEST TREES;85-110 MTS PINE,CYPRESS,FIR 650 SPECIES-8 FAMILIES

  2. Letter soup natural drying in water two main divisions of wood • Liquid in the wood wood is transported this way • Type of hard wood in some places • Show years of tree • Type of wood • Can be dead or alive • Natural drying • Characteristic of gymnosperms • Coniferous produce these • Characteristic of angiosperms • Two that attack wood • two Artificial drying

  3. ANGIOSPERMS • LEAFY TREES • HEAVIER THAN GYMNOSPERMS • LEAVES ARE WIDER • KNOWN AS HARD WOODS • 1,500 VARIETY OF TREES THAT ARE FOR COMMERCIAL USE.

  4. Spruce fir fir fir pine tree

  5. MAHOGANY

  6. HICKORY WOOD

  7. WOOD DISEASES • TREES ARE EXPOSED TO DISEASES AND OTHER NATURAL ATTACKS. THEY CAN BE TRANSFORMED ,ALTERNATED OR DESTROYED BY NATURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ATTACKS. WOOD IS IN GOOD CONDITIONS WHEN : RINGS DO NOT SHOW IRREGULARITIES FIBERS ARE UNIFORM THERE IS NO TWISTING OR KNOTS

  8. DISSEASES OCCUR BECAUSE OF : • CUTS • FUNGI • MISTLE-TOE WHICH IS A PARASITIC PLANT • LARVAE • FALLING OF BARK • WOOD SHAVING

  9. WOOD DEFECTS • TWISTED FIBER • ONDULATED WOOD • CURVATURES IN THE TRUNK • CRACKS OR FISSURES • SPLITs • DEAD LAYERS BETWEEN RINGS OF ALIVE WOOD TWISTED WOOD WOOD STAIN

  10. WOOD DEFECTS • CHECKS OR SPLITS DRY SAP

  11. KNOTS These are normal alterations in wood. Some can be alive and others dead. Alive : they look sane Dead: seem to come out or fall Some knots are considered as a decorative detail in wood.

  12. DRYING WOOD Sap is the juice that feeds plants with all dissolved substances and circulates in the vessels. When wood is cut there is humidity in its vessels so it must dry to be used. If NOT dried in a proper way and then used in any type of work ,it will suffer distortion later on. These are the most common drying procedures: Natural Natural accelerated Artificial

  13. Natural drying • Oldest and simplest way • Takes longer time and space • Can be dried outdoors or indoors OUT DOOR DRYING Depends on the weather condition. Must be prepared during the rainy season since it’s time when wood has less sap because it concentrates in the root. Wood should not be left on floor because of fermentation and humidity. A piling system must be used where air can circulate among the pieces drying them.

  14. NATURAL ACCELERATED DRYING INDOOR DRYING TWO MONTHS AFTER BEING CUT WOOD IS PLACED INDOOR WITH PLENTY OF VENTILATION. • PLACING WOOD IN WATER TO DRY SAP AND ELIMINATION OF SALTS. • SOMETIMES WOOD DARKENS SLIGHTLY.

  15. ARTIFICIAL DRYING • WITH VAPOR • WITH HOT AIR • DIRECT FIRE • INDIRECT FIRE • WITH OZONE • ELECTRIC HEAT ALL THESE REDUCE DISTORTIONS,TIME OF DRYING and WEIGHT.

  16. Carpentry Tools • There is a wide variety of carpentry tools; for cutting, marking ,measuring, and tracing.

  17. MEASURING TOOLS FRAMING SQUARE TAPE MEASURE

  18. Measuring tools STEEL RULER COMPASS

  19. Cutting tools Normal saw Rib saw

  20. CUTTING TOOLS Pointed saw CHANGEABLE SAW

  21. CUTTING TOOLS Interchangeable saw Pointed saw cegueta

  22. PERFORATION TOOLS DRILLS

  23. BRUSHES

  24. CHISELS Tools used for cutting and carving wood

  25. CLAMP Holding device used for holding two things together or for firming something in a correct possition.

  26. gouge Tool for carving hole or certain parts.

  27. Wood uses • Pine wood :Housing,furniture,boxes,floors and roofing. • Mahogany: furniture, boats,musicalinstruments,coffins,doors • Teak: floors,cabinets,boats • Oak: for fire,fencing,furniture,baskets,canoes • Hickory:Toolhandles,bows,drumsticks,paddles Also used for smoking meats and cheeses. Cedar: furniture,closets, doors and windows Olive:gunstocks,musicalinstruments,bowls,carvings Cherry : Paneling,flooring,kitchencabinets,musicalinstruments,toys.

  28. mahogany teak cherry

  29. birch Birch olive olive hickory

  30. 3’S EXERCISES • 3 gymnosperms • 3 angiosperms • 3 natural way of drying wood • 3 artificial ways of drying wood • 3 characteristics of angiosperms • 3 characteristics of gymnosperms • 3 reasons disseases occur • 3 wood defects

  31. EVALUATION • Poster of woods (3) 10 pts • Wood project 25 pts • Cross word 10 pts • Cooking lab 10 pts. • Wood uses ppp 15 pts.

  32. Wood uses investigation 15 pts.1 PAGE REPORT - 8 PICTURES, • Mahogany • Cedar • Oak • HickorY • Teak • Pine • maple • Cherry • Olive • Ash • birch

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