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Homelands: Conflict in the Middle East

Part 3 of 3. Homelands: Conflict in the Middle East. How was the British Mandate a ‘poisoned chalice’? What was the reaction to Jewish immigration to Palestine?. Focus Questions:. 1917-1947 “The Mandate Years”. After WWI, the area had become the British mandate of Palestine.

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Homelands: Conflict in the Middle East

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  1. Part 3 of 3 Homelands: Conflict in the Middle East

  2. How was the British Mandate a ‘poisoned chalice’? What was the reaction to Jewish immigration to Palestine? Focus Questions:

  3. 1917-1947 “The Mandate Years” • After WWI, the area had become the British mandate of Palestine. • When Jewish immigration accelerated, friction was created between Jews and Palestinian Arabs • After 1945, Zionists and Palestinian Arabs wanted individual nations and both felt they had claim to Palestine. • Britain withdrew in 1947 and the U.N. proposed that the country be partitioned 50/50

  4. Post war British Mandate • 1919 League of Nations gives Britain mandate over Palestine • Britain had authority over Palestine until the region was ready for self-government • Some said that Britain was given a “poisoned chalice” • What might this mean?

  5. Kibbutzקיבוץ,קִבּוּץ • 1920’s and 30’s socialist Kibbutzim movement • New cities such as Tel Aviv developed next to Arab Jaffa. • Arab tenant farmers were often evicted from land bought by Zionists from absentee Arab landlords.

  6. Making the Desert Bloom

  7. Defense/Offence • Jewish defense group – the Haganah • radicals created Irgun and the Stern Gang. • Jewish % rose from 20% to 30% in 3 years 1933-36 • Arab guerrilla groups attacked railways, Jewish settlements, destroyed orchards etc

  8. Jewish Immigration to Palestine • Why do you think immigration increased so dramatically in 1941? • Why are the British in a difficult position? • Much of the immigration to Palestine was illegal. • There were Arab riots and attacks on Jews. • What should the British do? What are their options?

  9. Why does immigration cause conflict and tension in some societies?

  10. Why are Jews emigrating?

  11. 1936 German children’s book

  12. Illustration from a children's book. The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats." Germany, 1936.

  13. “The bride is beautiful but she’s married to another man” • Watch Part 1 BBC Documentary - The Birth of Israel • Explain what is meant by the quote above • What did some of the early Zionists warn the conference after visiting Palestine? • Other Zionists argued that Arabs would be glad to see them – why?

  14. Illegal Jewish Immigration • The US and many European powers tried to slow the flow of Jewish immigration to Palestine. • 1939 British threatened to cut immigration to 25,000 a year • Haganah established an intelligence arm – Mossad – to help illegal immigrants

  15. Jewish ‘Terrorism’ / ‘Freedom Fighters’ Stern gang argued the British were like Nazis and terrorism was justifiable in order to expel them. One member was future Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir. Irgun leader – Menachem Begin, also a future PM. Shamir ordered the killing of Lord Moyne, a close friend of Churchill in Cairo 1944.

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