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Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis

Tahu Kukutai . 11 April 2012. University of Waikato. Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis. Victor Thompson. Rider University. Outline. Theories of ethnic counting Background on Ethnicity Counts? project Data analysis if countries count by ethnicity

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Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis

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  1. Tahu Kukutai 11 April 2012 University of Waikato Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis Victor Thompson Rider University

  2. Outline • Theories of ethnic counting • Background on Ethnicity Counts? project • Data analysis if countries count by ethnicity how ethnicity operationalised change over time Concluding thoughts

  3. Theories of ethnic counting • Ethnic counting a political exercise • Imposed from top down • Different policy uses (e.g., monitor discrimination) • Highlights the local and specific • Champions case study approach

  4. Ethnicity Counts? project Purpose: • Describe key patterns of ethnic enumeration over time and place • Identify conditions associated with different strategies • Comparative theory of ethnic counting

  5. Data collected to date

  6. Ethnic identity vs Civic identity • ethnicity • ethnic nationality • race & colour • ancestry/descent/origin • indigenous group & tribe • cultural group • language & mother tongue • citizenship • civic nationality • migration status • place of birth • parental place of birth

  7. Ethnic nationality: Estonia

  8. Ethnic nationality: Nauru

  9. Civic nationality: Switzerland

  10. Ethnic identity

  11. Ethnic counting by region

  12. Regional variation in terminology • Race = Americas • Ethnic nationality = Europe • Ethnic origins = Oceania & N America • Ethnicity = spread • Mother tongue = Europea • Indigenous status = S America

  13. Civic identity

  14. Ethnic and civic identity

  15. Other dimensions of ethnic diversity State recognition of: • Hybridity • Subjectivity • “Ethnification” of national identity • Multiple dimensions

  16. Hybridity: Tokelau

  17. Subjectivity: St Lucia

  18. Multiple dimensions: New Zealand

  19. Ethnification of national identity: Canada

  20. Relevance for immigration + diversity • Possibilities beyond indirect markers (e.g., country of birth) • Look beyond the 1stgeneration • Harmonization across countries challenging • Weakening of nation-based notions of identity and ascendance of ethnic/cultural identities

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