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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. Goal 3 Final PowerPoint. Reconstruction Focus Questions. What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”?

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction Goal 3 Final PowerPoint

  2. Reconstruction Focus Questions • What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? • Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. • What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”? • What were the goals of the KKK? • What were the failures of Reconstruction? • What were the successes of Reconstruction?

  3. Important Vocabulary for Reconstruction • Thirteenth Amendment • Andrew Johnson • Reconstruction • Radical Republicans • Freedman’s Bureau • Black codes • Fourteenth Amendment • Fifteenth Amendment • Scalawags • Carpetbaggers • Hiram Revels • Sharecropping • Tenant Farming • Ku Klux Klan • Redemption • Rutherford B. Hayes • Compromise of 1877

  4. Lincoln’s Assassination • Five days after the Civil War ended, Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC. • His assassin was John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Southern sympathizer. • Booth escaped and was found days later in a barn. • Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated. • Vice President Andrew Johnson became President.

  5. Reconstruction • Reconstruction was the time period after the Civil War in which the nation was rebuilt, especially the South • The South was physically, economically, and politically destroyed. • What would all of these freed slaves do?

  6. Radical Republicans • During Reconstruction, a group called the Radical Republicans controlled Congress. Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner led this group. • They wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders. • They wanted African Americans to have full citizenship, including suffrage (the right to vote).

  7. 13th Amendment • Outlawed slavery in America • Many former slaves were reunited with their families. • Many became sharecroppers or tenant farmers. • Sharecroppers: farmers who worked someone else’s land & gave at least ½ of the profit to the landowner at harvest time . • People in the North called sharecropping the “continuation of slavery”. • Tenant Farmers: Rented the land and kept the profit from the harvest.

  8. Reconstruction Plans

  9. How to implement Reconstruction? • Different groups had different ideas on how to rebuild. • Was the Executive Branch or the Legislative Branch in charge of Reconstruction?

  10. Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan

  11. Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)

  12. Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction)

  13. Freedmen’s Bureau • During Reconstruction, Congress approved the passage of the Freedmen’s Bureau. • It assisted former slaves and poor Southern whites by distributing food and clothes, and establishing hospitals, teacher training programs, schools, and industrial institutions.

  14. Carpetbaggers • Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of the turmoil in the South • Many came for humanitarian reasons, like to be teachers or work for the Freedmen’s Bureau • Some came to start businesses and take advantage of Southern poverty

  15. Scalawags • Scalawags were Southerners who became members of the Republican party • Southerners were Democrats during the Civil War • To become a member of the Republican party meant you were a traitor

  16. Important Reconstruction Legislation • Civil Rights Act of 1866- gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws (called black codes) • 14th Amendment- made all people born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens. Also gave citizens equal protection under the law • 15th Amendment- no one could be denied the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

  17. Conflict between the President and Congress • With the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867, Congress was in charge of implementing Reconstruction. • Andrew Johnson did not agree that Congress should be in charge. • Johnson fired the Secretary of War, who was a Radical Republican. • This violated the Tenure in Office Act, which limited the power of the President to hire & fire government officials. (Loophole: Lincoln had appointed the Sec. of War).

  18. Johnson Impeached • Led by Radical Republican, Thaddeus Steven, Congress voted to impeach Johnson. • He was found not guilt by one vote. • Johnson did not run for re-election.

  19. Ulysses S. Grant becomes President • Former Union General, Ulysses S. Grant, was elected President of the United States. • He was a good general, but not a good politician. • His administration was plagued with corruption.

  20. Democrats Come to Power • With the efforts of the KKK, the Democrats came to power again in the South. • This time period is known as “redemption”. • Democrats controlled the state governments in the South . • They also gained power in Congress.

  21. Compromise of 1877 • The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction. • In the election of 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President by one electoral vote. • Instead of the Democrats making a big issue out of the election results, they made a deal with the Republicans. • The Democrats would allow Hayes to stay President, if the Republicans would pull the military out of the South.

  22. Rutherford B. Hayes

  23. What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? African American men who could vote for the first time

  24. Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. • Searched for loved ones • Went to school • Able to hold paying jobs • Established churches • Could travel freely • They could run for political office & vote

  25. Hiram Revels, 1st African American Senator

  26. What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”? • General Sherman promised freed slaves who followed his army 40 acres per family and use of an army mule • Some actually received this as payment • Today, this has come to imply that African Americans deserve payment (reparations) for the work their ancestors did for this country as slaves

  27. What were the goals of the KKK? • To restore white supremacy • To prohibit African Americans from exercising their rights as citizens * • To terrorize those who wanted progress for African Americans

  28. What were the failures of Reconstruction? • Discrimination and racist attitudes still existed • Jim Crow laws established (segregation laws; laws that separated the races) Examples: literacy tests, poll taxes, Grandfather clause

  29. What were the successes of Reconstruction? • The 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments gave rights to African Americans • African Americans established churches, schools, and civic organizations

  30. Thanks to Ms. Shannon Brayboy for allowing the use of her slides in this PowerPoint.

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