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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Life in the Colonies. Ch 4-1 I Can Statement. I can understand how the English ideas about government and trade affected the colonies. Ch 4-1 Bullet Point Statements. Bullet Point #1: The Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights guaranteed the rights of English citizens.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Life in the Colonies

  2. Ch 4-1 I Can Statement I can understand how the English ideas about government and trade affected the colonies

  3. Ch 4-1 Bullet Point Statements • Bullet Point #1: The Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights guaranteed the rights of English citizens. • Bullet Point #2: By 1760, each of the 13 colonies had a legislature to make laws. • Bullet Point #3:England passed the Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade.

  4. Magna Carta • Magna Carta: document that limited the power of a ruler • 1215 King John of England was forced to sign • Made it so the ruler had to consult the nobles to make taxes • Protected the right to private property and trial by jury

  5. Parliament • Legislature: a group of people who have the power to make laws • Two-house legislature, house of lords(inherited titles) and house of commons(elected) • Main job: approve new taxes

  6. English Bill of Rights • 1688 Parliamentary power increases • Glorious Revolution: parliament removes King James II from the throne • Mary and William of Orange invited to rule • Bill of rights: written list of freedoms that a government promises to protect • Habeas Corpus: the principle that a person can’t be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime

  7. Colonial Legislature • Colonists wanted to take a part in governing themselves • House of Burgesses= 1st legislature in North America • 1760, every British colony in North America had a legislature of some kind

  8. Right to Vote • Political rights increasing • People not allowed to vote= women, African Americans, and Indians

  9. Freedom of Press • Freedom of Press: the right of journalists to publish the truth without restriction or penalty • Zenger Trial • Libel: publishing of statements that could damage a person’s reputation • The press has a right and responsibility to to keep the public informed of the truth

  10. Regulating Trade • North America= source of raw materials and a place to sell England’s products • Navigation acts: • 1. Shipments from Europe to English colonies had to go through England first • 2. Any imports to England from the colonies had to be sent in English made ships • 3. The colonies could only sell tobacco and sugar to England

  11. Ch 4-2 I Can Statement I can understand the characteristics of colonial society.

  12. Ch 4-2 Bullet Point Statements • Bullet Point #1: In colonial society, men, women, and children had clearly defined roles. • Bullet Point #2: Colonial American offered poor and middle-class whites the opportunity to own land and improve their social status.

  13. Family in Colonial Times Farm: • Need for large families • Widely separated from others • Families were very close • Each family member had many responsibilities Town: • Easier for single people to live • Families still important Extended family: a family that includes parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins

  14. Roles of Women • Expected to marry who their parents chose for them • Childcare focused • Domestic jobs: cooking, laundry, sewing • Jobs differed from on the frontier to in the city

  15. Young People • Big deal if children survived infancy • After age 7, before children were required to work • Worked on farm and household chores, believed it was to prepare kids for adult life • Started to become apprentices(someone who learns a trade by working for someone in that trade for a certain period of time)

  16. Social Classes • Gentry: upper class of colonial society • Middle Class: made up of small planters, independent farmers and artisans • Indentured Servants: signed contracts to work from 4-10 years in the colonies for anyone who would pay for his or her passage to the Americas.

  17. Ch 4-3 I Can Statement I can understand how slavery developed in the colonies and affected colonial life.

  18. Ch 4-3 Bullet Point Statements • Bullet Point #1: More than 10 million Africans were transported to the Americas in the Atlantic slave trade. • Bullet Point #2: The plantation economy of the South became dependent on the labor of the enslaved African Americans. • Bullet Point #3: Slave codes did not stop occasional slave revolts.

  19. Atlantic Slave Trade • Spanish and Portuguese brought over the first Africans • British, French and Dutch also entered the trade • About 10 million enslaved Africans brought to the Americas between 1500s to 1800s

  20. Middle Passage • Voyage from African coast across the Atlantic in slave ships • Overcrowded ships to increase profit • Led to death, suicide, families being separated

  21. Triangular Trade • Triangular trade: three-way trade between the colonies, the islands of the Caribbean and Africa • Made New England Merchants rich • Disobeyed navigation acts

  22. Slavery in the Colonies • First Africans were servants not slaves • Plantation system, reason why slavery took root and grew • Slaves preferred to servants • Need for cheap labor grows • Early attempts to stop slavery that failed

  23. Not all Africans were slaves • Slavery was linked to racism • Racism: the belief that one race is superior or inferior to another

  24. Resistance to Slavery • Numbers of enslaved increase • Whites scared of revolts • Slave codes: strict laws that restricted the rights and activities of slaves

  25. African Cultural Influences • Lives differed from colony to colony • North: worked as blacksmiths, house servants, or on farms • South: farmed • Tried to keep customs from Africa

  26. Ch 4-4 I Can Statements I can understand how ideas about religion and government influenced colonial life.

  27. Ch 4-4 Bullet Point Statements • Bullet Point #1: Education during colonial times was influenced by religion. • Bullet Point #2: The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s led to the rise of new churches. • Bullet Point #3:Enlightenment thinkers influenced ideas about government and natural rights.

  28. Puritan Beginnings • Promoted education • Required parents to teach children and servants how to read • Public school: school supported by taxes • Puritan schools were run by both public and private money

  29. Colonial Schools • Included religious instruction • Taught reading, writing and arithmetic • Learned from a hornbook(paddle-shaped board with a printed lesson on top, protected by a transparent piece of animal horn) • South had fewer schools • Poor children didn’t attend school

  30. Not all schools allowed girls, or only allowed them in the summer when boys weren’t around • Dame schools: schools that women opened in their homes to teach girls and boys to read and write

  31. Education for African Americans • Some churches offered schooling for free Africans • Enslaved people passed on learning in secret

  32. Upper Levels • After elementary school came grammar school(similar to high school) • Only boys went • Learned Greek, Latin, geography, math, and English composition • Colleges opened up in the 1630s

  33. Roots of American Literature Poetry Ben Franklin Best loved colonial writer Started a newspaper The Pennsylvania Gazette • Anne Bradstreet: first colonial poet • Phillis Wheatly: enslaved African poet

  34. The Great Awakening • 1730s-1740s religious revival • Jonathan Edwards: Massachusetts preacher who called upon people to examine their lives and commit themselves to God • Led to the rise of many new churches • National movement • Reinforced democratic ideas

  35. The Enlightenment • Intellectual movement • All problems could be solved by reason • Enlightenment thinkers looked for natural laws that would govern politics, society and economics

  36. John Locke • Englishman and Enlightenment thinker • Wrote the Two Treatises on Government • Natural rights: rights that belong to every human being from birth; life liberty and property • Challenged divine right(belief that monarchs get their authority to rule directly from God)

  37. Montesquieu • Wrote the Spirit of the Laws • Argued that the powers of government should be clearly defined and limited • Separation of powers: division of the power of government into separate branches • 3 branches: legislative(make laws), executive(enforce laws), and judicial(make judgments)

  38. Enlightenment Thinkers • Locke • Montesquieu

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