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The Civil Rights Movement, JFK, and LBJ

Explore the new successes and challenges faced by the Civil Rights Movement after 1964, including events like Freedom Summer, Selma march, Voting Rights Act, Watts Riot, and the rise of Black Power. Learn about the influential figures Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, and the impact of their ideologies. Understand the ongoing issues of racial inequality and the need for affirmative action.

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The Civil Rights Movement, JFK, and LBJ

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  1. The Civil Rights Movement, JFK, and LBJ New Success and Challenges 11.10.4, 11.10.6, 11.10.2, 11.10.4, 11.11.7 EQ: What success and challenges faced the civil rights movement after 1964?

  2. Freedom Summer, 1964 • SNCC sent thousands of volunteers into Miss. to register black voters • 3 workers disappeared, they had been murdered • Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman • the movie Mississippi • Burning is about them

  3. Selma, AL 1965 • 500-600 marched in response to the shooting of a young man • a court injunction denied them the right to gather near Selma • state troopers stopped them at the Edmund Pettus Bridge • 17 people were hospitalized • a 2nd march was stopped but a 3rd escorted by federal troops made it • in 1995, a 30th anniversary march included George Wallace who ordered the police to attack the marchers

  4. Voting Rights Act, 1965 • banned literacy tests • sent federal registrars to South • federal oversight meant to make registration more fair

  5. 24th Amendment • banned poll taxes • used to keep blacks and poor whites from voting

  6. Watts Riot, 1965 • despite legal victories, violence erupted in LA, Detroit, and New Jersey • in LA, 31 blacks and 3 whites killed in a week of rioting that left 1000+ injured and 4,000+ arrested • $50 million in property damage in Detroit • the Kerner Commission concluded that extreme poverty was the cause • recommended federal money develop cities to relieve poverty

  7. Malcolm X • Malcolm Little joined the Nation of Islam and dropped his “slave name” • advocated black separatism and militism • became more peaceful after a trip to Mecca • killed in NYC by members of the Nation of Islam in 1965 “We declare our right on this earth...to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary.”

  8. Black Panthers, 1966 • a more militant version of black power emerged in Oakland • est. by Bobby Seales, Huey Newton • supported black separatism and went armed to protect blacks from police brutality • ran medical clinics • provided free food to school children

  9. Black Power • Stokely Carmichael said AA’s should form their own organizations • rejected “mainstream” American society • "Black is Beautiful“ • black pride: Afro hairstyles, African forms of dress, African names • rejected by both the NAACP and the SCLC as racist • denounced US war in Vietnam as racist • moved with his wife to Guinea, West Africa

  10. MLK and Memphis, 1968 • increasingly critical of black power and separatism • crusaded for the poor • went to Memphis to support sanitation workers. • Assassinated on April 4, 1968 • killed by James Earl Ray

  11. Robert Kennedy, 1968 • RFK was the front-runner for the democratic nomination • killed in LA by a Palestinian, Sirhan Sirhan • Nixon became president and the civil rights movement stalled

  12. Affirmative Action • colleges and businesses tried to increase minority representation in their ranks • an income gap still persists today

  13. EQ #3: What success and challenges faced the civil rights movement after 1964?

  14. MLK / Malcolm X Essay Instructions: Read the quotes and the biographies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Using the information from these sources write a compare and contrast essay using the Step Up to Writing format. Follow the outline below

  15. Do you think that the textbook should have the Civil Rights movement as a separate chapter or should it be included with everything else?

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