Potential for cell based therapies and liver tissue engineering

1. Potential for cell-based therapies and liver tissue engineering. Exploring Cell Therapies for Liver Tissue Engineering

2. FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER The liver stores nutrients like amino acids, glucose, lipids, vitamins, etc. The liver is involved in the detoxification process and drug metabolism. It aIt also maintains blood glucose levels. ids digestion through bile production.

3. LIVER TISSUE ENGINEERING The liver transplant is currently the only treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Donor shortage leads to long waiting periods, resulting in high mortality rates. Liver tissue engineering includes cell therapies that can restore liver function. Novel cell-based therapies are under investigation as alternatives to whole liver transplants.

4. SOURCES OF CELL THERAPY Primary Hepatocytes Hepatocytes isolated from the liver can be transplanted. They rapidly attach to the in vivo extracellular matrix. However, they cannot be obtained in high numbers. Quality and functional activity of the isolated cells vary. Cryopreserved hepatocytes exhibit reduced functionality and therefore, should be used when freshly isolated. Cell Lines The limited supply of hepatocytes has prompted the use of immortalized cell lines. But they exhibit reduced potency and risk of tumor formation. They are limited to devices that restrict the spread of cells into the body. Image Source :- https://cellgs.e2ecdn.co.uk/Pages/Liver-cell- isolation-and-use.jpg

5. SOURCES OF CELL THERAPY Stem Cells Bone marrow-derived stem cells have demonstrated the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated engraftment in the recipient liver and subsequent liver regeneration. MSCs are preferred among other stem cells for their low immunogenic potential.

6. TYPES OF CELL THERAPY In addition to intravenous transfusion of cells, other techniques are also used. Microencapsulation Cells are encapsulated in a semi-permeable membrane composed of biocompatible materials. It aims to reduce the immune system interaction with the transplanted cells. It is commonly employed for allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation. Liver Grafts Liver is decellularized to obtain its extracellular matrix to be used as scaffolds. The functional hepatocytes are seeded onto the scaffold to create transplantable liver grafts.

7. TYPES OF CELL THERAPY Bioartificial Liver It comprises an external device containing hepatocytes. The patient’s blood is passed through the device for processing by hepatocytes. However, they are expensive and are effective only for the short-term. Bioprinted Livers 3D bioprinting creates a liver with hepatocytes and other cells. Their transplantation in animal models has shown a prolonged survival period. But the printing technique requires further enhancements to integrate liver-specific components.

8. CONCLUSION Challenges Limited availability of hepatocytes and their in vitro expansion is also difficult. Solutions Stem cells can be differentiated into hepatocytes to obtain large quantities. MSCs have shown safety and immunological compatibility. Future Directions Advanced transplantation techniques are needed to ensure outcomes.

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