Using Technology with Classroom Instruction that Works

Using Technology with Classroom Instruction that Works Providing Recognition And Reinforcing Effort Staff Development March 29, 2010

Instructional Strategies that Affect Student Achievement – Marzano’s research

Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Definition • Enhance students’ understanding of the relationship between effort and achievement by addressing students’ attitudes and beliefs about learning. Provide students with rewards or praise for their accomplishments related to the attainment of a goal. THIS IS RELATED TO AFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT!!!!

Providing Recognition Rewards do not necessarily have a negative effect on intrinsic motivation Reward is most effective when it is contingent on the attainment of some standard of performance Abstract symbolic recognition (e.g. praise, award, email, note) is more effective than tangible reward (e.g. candy, money) Reinforcing Effort Not all students realize the importance of believing in effort Students can learn to operate from a belief that effort pays off even if they do not initially have this belief Generalizations

Recommendations • Personalize recognition • Use Pause, Prompt, and Praise Strategy • Use concrete symbols of recognition • Explicitly teach students about the importance of effort • Have students keep track of their effort and achievement.

Implementation Teachers who understand the value of tapping into students' affective domains for improving achievement employ research-based strategies, such as: • Teach the relationship between effort and achievement. Many stories exist to make the connection with famous people. Draw examples from the well-known as well as the unknown so students recognize success in all situations and under many situations. Encourage students to think about: What does effort look like?

Reinforce effort. Students who are recognized for effort will make the connection between effort and improvement. Students should be helped to internalize the value of effort to make a strong connection between effort and the desired outcome. • Visual representation of effort may increase effort. Students who are helped to design an "effort log" using graphic representation will be more likely to see it in their mind's eye, and refer to it when working.

Create a class effort rubric. A class that shares a common definition for effort will also share the understanding of effort and achievement. • Be careful about how and when recognition is provided. Verbal praise for small or easy tasks can be construed by students as undeserved, and may actually decrease effort. Ensure that praise and rewards are provided because an authentic standard of performance has been achieved. Doing an activity to a predetermined standard may well be worthy of reward and result in increased effort and motivation.

Recognize individual students for personal progress. Winning usually indicates that others have lost, or are "below the winner." When students have personal goals, or reach pre-determined standards of excellence, recognition is for personal achievement, which is unique to each student. • Make clear the real goal of effort. "The harder you try, the more successful you are" is what the act of recognition should communicate to students, not "the harder you try, the more prizes you get."

Technology Tools for Providing RecognitionData Collection Tools

Technology Tools for Providing Recognition

Technology Tools for Providing RecognitionCommunication Software • Telephone calls • Texting • Audio e-mail • Video conferencing

Technology Tools for Reinforcing Effort

Keys for Effectiveness - Review • Praise and Awards should be to a specific level of performance • Examples of effort • Many students do not believe that effort leads to success. Need to teach this! • Chart effort • Pause, Prompt, Praise strategy • Exempliary work that meets the standard of performance can be recognized through a student showcase.

Using Technology with Classroom Instruction that Works