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Chapter 14. The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans. Homo sapiens sapiens. All contemporary populations- Homo sapiens sapiens . Several fossil forms (100k.y.a.) = same subspecies. African recent H. sapiens fossils -“near-modern.”.
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Chapter 14
The Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans
Homo sapiens sapiens
- All contemporary populations- Homo sapiens sapiens.
- Several fossil forms (100k.y.a.) = same subspecies.
- African recent H. sapiens fossils -“near-modern.”
Questions About the Origin and Dispersal of H. sapiens sapiens
- When did H. sapiens sapiens first appear?
- Where did the transition take place?
- In one region or several?
- What was the pace of evolutionary change?
- How fast did the transition occur?
- How did the dispersal of H. sapiens sapiens to other areas of the Old World take place?
Theories of Human Origins
- Complete Replacement Model
- Regional Continuity Model
- Partial Replacement Model
Complete Replacement Model (Recent African Evolution)
- By Christopher Stringer and Peter Andrews.
- Africa origin in the last 200,000 years.
- They migrated from Africa, completely replacing populations in Europe and Asia.
- Transition from archaic H. sapiens to modern H. sapiens anywhere except Africa?
Partial Replacement Model
- By Günter Bräuer of the University of Hamburg.
- Earliest dates for African modern Homo sapiens at over 100,000 y.a.
- Initial dispersal from S. Africa- environmental conditions.
- Hybridization in Eurasia- eventual replacement.
- The disappearance of archaic humans.
Regional Continuity Model(Multiregional Evolution)
- By Milford Wolpoff, University of Michigan.
- Populations in Europe, Asia, and Africa continued evolutionary development from archaic H. sapiens to anatomically modern humans.
The Regional Continuity Model(Multiregional Evolution)
- Question: How did modern humans evolve in different continents and end up so physically and genetically similar?
- Explanation:
- Due to gene flow between archaic populations, modern humans are not a separate species.
- Earlier modern H. sapiens did not originate exclusively in Africa.
The New World
- Bering Land Bridge over many millennia.
- New World hominids date to about 12,000 y.a.
The Upper Paleolithic
- Western Europe- approximately 40,000 years ago.
- Industries based on tool technologies:
- Chatelperronian
- Aurignacian
- Gravettian
- Solutrean
- Magdalenian
Upper Paleolithic Tools
- (a) Burin. A very common Upper Paleolithic tool.
- (b) Solutrean blade. This is the best-known work of the Solutrean tradition.
- Solutrean stonework is considered the most highly developed of any Upper Paleolithic industry.
Cave Art
- Most from southwestern
France and northern Spain.
- Grotte Chauvet
- Aurignacian period more than 30,000 y.a.
- Images: stylized dots, human handprints and animal representations.
- Dozens of footprints on the cave floor produced by bears and humans.
Africa
- Rock art-in southern Africa (between 28,000 and 19,000 y.a.)
- Personal adornment- 38,000 y.a., beads made from ostrich shells.
- Remarkable bone craftmanship- in the Katanda area.
- Intricate bone tools resembling harpoons were made from the ribs of large mammals.
Human Evolution
- Overview of past evolution
- What may human evolution lead to?
- http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7348103/from/ET/
