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Joint/Articulation

Joint/Articulation. Classified by: Structure (composition) Function (range of motion). Types of Joints. Synarthosis – Immovable Joints; usually joined by strong fibers No joint cavity Examples: sutures, joint binding tooth to socket, growth plate. Amphiarthrosis. Examples: Cartilage

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Joint/Articulation

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  1. Joint/Articulation Classified by: Structure (composition) Function (range of motion)

  2. Types of Joints • Synarthosis – • Immovable Joints; usually joined by strong fibers • No joint cavity • Examples: sutures, joint binding tooth to socket, growth plate

  3. Amphiarthrosis Examples: Cartilage Vertebra Discs, Pubic Symphysis • No joint cavity • Slightly movable joint • Composed of fibrous joints • Composed of cartilage joints • Example: Fibrous • Membrane between radius and ulna

  4. Diarthrosis/Synovial Joint Greater range of motion Joint cavity is present Contains synovial fluid

  5. Six General Characteristics • Articular Cartilage • Covered with hyaline cartilage • Joint Cavity • Space filled with synovial fluid • Articular capsule • Fibrous capsule found on the periosteum of long bones • Synovial fluid • Viscous fluid contains macrophages • lubricates • Reinforcing ligaments • Fat Pads • Extra padding

  6. Types of Synovial Joints Pivot Joints Examples Atlas and axis; Radius and ulna • Allows for rotation • One bone rotates around another

  7. Hinge Joints Examples: knee and elbow, phalanges • One bone fits into another • Motion is along a single plane

  8. Ball and Socket Examples: glenoidfossa and humerous; acetabulum and femur • Freely moving joint • Head of bone articulates with fossa of another

  9. Gliding Examples: carpals, tarsals, between vertebra • Bones slide across one another • Bones must have flattened or curved faces to glide • Movement is limited

  10. Saddle Examples: Thumb • Shape resembles saddle • Permits angular motion; including circumduction but not rotation

  11. Types of Movement Gliding- two or more bones slide past each other

  12. Rotation – turning around the longitudinal axis of body • Pronation and supination are a form of rotation

  13. Pronation- turn palms posterior • Supination – turn palms anterior (Anatomical position) • Terms only apply to movement of radius

  14. Angular Movements -decrease or increase the angle between two bones • Flexion– decreases the angle between two bones • Extension – increases the angle between two bones • Hyperextension – increase the angle by > 180°

  15. Angular Movementsflexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction • Abduction – move away from body’s midline • To be abducted • Adduction – move toward body’s midline • Add to body • Circumduction – cone- shaped movement

  16. Dorsiflexion – point the toe up (superior) • Plantar flexion – point the toe down (inferior) • Eversion – turn ankle laterally • Inversion- turn ankle medially (most common way to twist ankle)

  17. Protraction- move body part anteriorly • Retraction- move body part posteriorly Protraction Retraction

  18. Elevation – movement of the body superiorly Depression – movement of the body inferiorly

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