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Phonetics Spelling and Speech

Phonetics Spelling and Speech. EDL 1201 Linguistics for the Language Teacher. The Phonetic Alphabet. A movement was formed to find solution to the ‘discrepancy’ of spelling – spelling reformers called ‘orthoepists’.

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Phonetics Spelling and Speech

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  1. PhoneticsSpelling and Speech EDL 1201 Linguistics for the Language Teacher

  2. The Phonetic Alphabet • A movement was formed to find solution to the ‘discrepancy’ of spelling – spelling reformers called ‘orthoepists’. • Wanted to revise the alphabet so that one alphabet represents one sound, and one sound represents one alphabet, thus creating ‘phonetic alphabet’. • GHOTI by Benard Shaw

  3. Reasons for the reform • One alphabet represents several sounds • Eg. Dame, dad, father, call, village, many • Several letters represent one sound • Eg. To, too, two, through, threw, clue, shoe. • A combination of letters may represent a single sound • Eg. Shoot, character, physics, nation, etc.

  4. Reasons for reform…. • Some letters possess no sound at all • Eg. Island, debt, bough, hole, know, etc. • Combination of same letters represent the diff. sound – eg. [oug] in bough, tough, through. • The spelling may fail to represent the sounds that occur – the letter u in many words represents a y sound followed by a u sound. – cute, futile, utility.

  5. The IPA • 1888 – the International Phonetic Assoc. developed a phonetic alphabet to symbolise the sounds of all languages. • Utilises the roman alphabet system • Invented new ones – eg. the shwa [ə] for unstressed syllables • See Fromkin et al, pg 239, Table 6.1

  6. Describing Speech Sounds • Sound is produced with the movement of air. • Can be described in terms of their articulatory properties – • Voicing – whether the vocal cords are vibrating or not • Place of articulation – where the air stream is most obstructed • Manner of articulation – the particular way the airstream is obstructed. Draw columns, mark Vd or Vlss – try out all consonants.

  7. Voicing • Make the sound [S] and [Z] – then long and continuous • Then place fingers on larynx – if it vibrates then it is voiced, if not then its voiceless. • Close ears and make [s] and [z] sounds. • Refer to Fromkin, pg 244 for examples.

  8. Place of Articulation • Bilabial /b/, /p/, /m/ • Labiodental /f/, /v/ • Interdental /θ/, /δ/ • Alveolar /t/, /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /r/ • (Alveo) palatal /z/, /sh/ • Velar /k/, /g/ • Uvular /r/, /q/, /g/ • Glottal /?/, /h/

  9. Manner of Articulation • Description of the different kinds of sounds of the English language – for eg. • /s/ in pronouncing this sound, the tip of the tongue is normally placed behind the teeth, barely touching the inside of the upper teeth. The air flows on the surface of the tongue through the gaps between the tongue and the teeth.

  10. Manner of Articulation II • Aspirated or unaspirated sounds • Aspirated – pit /phIt/ • Unaspirated – spit /spIt/

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