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China's Transformation: Impact of Foreign Trade and Internal Struggles

Explore China's historical transitions from self-sufficiency to foreign trade, the Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, and the emergence of Chinese nationalism. Discover the significant internal challenges and evolving relationships with foreign powers. Analyze the implications of treaties and reforms on China's trajectory.

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China's Transformation: Impact of Foreign Trade and Internal Struggles

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  1. China in Isolation Chapter 28.1

  2. Do Now • If you were the leader of ________ and your country was self- sufficient… • Why would it be harmful to have other countries start trading with you?

  3. China and the West • Self- sufficient • Earned more for exports than they spent on imports • Foreigners could only do business in south of China, Guangzhou • Opium changed everything • War breaks out 1839-1842 • Treaty of Nanjing • Extraterritorial rights@ 5 Chinese ports

  4. Growing Internal Problems • Population growth, 30% in 60 years • Food production remained the same • Opium addictions rose • Taiping Rebellion • 1850s organized peasant army (1 million ppl) • 1853 Hong (leader) captured Nanjing made new capital • New leaders feuded often • By 1864 20 million + died in rebellion

  5. Foreign Influence Grows • Taiping Rebellion and other disputes put pressure on gov’t • Reform vs. traditional ways • Dowager Empress Cixi1862-1908 did not support reforms, wanted to self strengthen • Countries took advantage of China • U.S. Open Door Policy

  6. Rise of Chinese Nationalism • Frustration rises, humiliated • Emperor Guangxu strong reformist- modernize (Econ., Mil., Educ., Gov’t.) • Boxers (poor peasants don’t like privileged foreigners) • Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists • Campaign against Empress= Boxer Rebellion • In 1900 invade Beijing but were defeated

  7. Changes- Reform • Qing court realized China needed to make changes • 1905 Empress Dowager sent Chinese officials around the world to study other countries and gov’ts • 1906 return recommend they restructure the gov. • Based on Japan’s constitutional monarchy • Change came slowly

  8. With your country • Sit with fellow leaders of your country • Write a treaty forcing China to trade with you after your troops help defeat the Boxers in the rebellion • Cite specific terms and conditions you want China to agree to • Include: taxes, trade, who is involved

  9. Respond • What purpose did the Open Door notes serve for American Foreign Policy? • Your opinion, support with evidence

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