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Medical Application of Membrane in Drug Delivery System

Explore the diverse applications of membrane technology in drug delivery, from osmotic and diffusion-controlled systems to liposomes, implants, and patches. Understand how membranes enhance targeted drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes.

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Medical Application of Membrane in Drug Delivery System

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  1. Medical Application of Membrane in Drug Delivery System NUR HIDAYAH OMAR SITI HAJAR ABU BAKAR ALIA ZULAIKHA MOHD HANIF

  2. INTRODUCTION • Membrane technology is of major importance in medical applications • Used in drug delivery, artificial organs, tissue regeneration, diagnostic devices, as coatings for medical devices, bioseparations, etc. • Delivery system is to deliver a drug to a specific site, in specific time and release pattern.

  3. Membrane –based system • Membrane-based systems basically a drug reservoir is contained in a membrane device. Two types of systems can be distinguished: • Osmotic membrane systems. • Diffusion controlled membrane systems.

  4. Osmotic Membrane System • Consists of a reservoir made of a polymeric membrane permeable to water but not to the drug (semi-permeable membrane). • The reservoir contains a concentrated drug solution. As water crosses the membrane due to osmotic pressure, the drug solution is released through the orifice.

  5. Diffusion Controlled Membrane System • The drug release is controlled by transport of the drug across a membrane. • The transport is dependent on the drug diffusivity through the membrane and the thickness of the membrane • The membrane can be porous or non-porous and biodegradable or not.

  6. LIPOSOME • An artificially-prepared vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer. • Used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs. • Composed of natural phospholipids, and contain mixed lipid chains with surfactant properties • Liposomes vary in size due to their medication type like DNA, enzyme, drugs, and supplementation .

  7. Targeted delivery • Liposomes prepared from natural or synthetic phospholipids containing an encapsulated drug. This type of drug delivery reduces toxicity, maintains or enhances activity and facilitates accumulation in the disease site. • Conventional liposornes that incorporate lipids enhancing circulation lifetimes. Delivery in these molecules improves access to the disease site and reduces interaction with phagocytic cells of the reticulo-endothelial system.

  8. Conventional liposomes with lipids that enhance circulation lifetimes and have • surface-associated targeting information. Drug delivery using this type of liposome results in an improved therapeutic index and target cell • specific delivery. • Examples; antibodies (glycolipids and mannose), proteins (e.g. Transferrin and asialofetuin) , and vitamins (e.g. folic acid have been used to target specific cells via cell surface receptors • Fusogenicliposomes with DOPE or fusogenic proteins. This method allows intracellular drug delivery. • DOPE has been particularly useful for cationic liposomescomplexed with plasmid DNA for gene delivery.

  9. Applications of Membrane System Pills • The diffusion principle is applied to pills and tablets. • The drug is pressed into tablet which is coated with a non-digestible hydrophilic membrane. • Once this membrane gets hydrated, a viscous gel barrier is formed, through which the drug slowly diffuses. • The release rate of the drug is determined by the type of membrane used

  10. Implants • consist of a membrane reservoir containing a drugin liquid or powder form • The drug slowly diffuses through the semi-permeable membrane and the rate of diffusion depends on the characteristics of both the drug and membrane. • The thickness of the membrane is constant to secure uniformity of drug delivery.

  11. If the membrane degrades, drug delivery should be accomplished prior to membrane degradation. • If the membrane is made of non-degradable material, it should be surgically removed afterwards. • A drawback of implants is the risk of membrane rupture resulting in drug-dumping: a sudden release of large amounts of drugs

  12. Patches • Patches are broadly used in drug delivery. • The most characteristic examples are ocular (eye) and transdermal patches. • Ocular patches are typical membrane-controlled reservoir systems. The drug, accompanied by carriers, is captured in a thin layer between two transparent, polymer membranes, which control the rate of the drug release

  13. An annular white-coloured border is surrounding the reservoir for handling of the device. • The device is placed on the eye, where it floats on the tear film. • Through diffusion, the drug is directly administered to the target area.

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