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Danube-Black Sea Regional Projects – Catalysts for Nutrient Reduction

Danube-Black Sea Regional Projects – Catalysts for Nutrient Reduction. Experiences with Setting Targets, Measuring Compliance and Results, and Scaling up Achievements in Nutrient Reduction. Ivan Zavadsky, UNDP/GEF Regional Programme Director Danube/ Black Sea.

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Danube-Black Sea Regional Projects – Catalysts for Nutrient Reduction

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  1. Danube-Black Sea Regional Projects – Catalysts for Nutrient Reduction Experiences with Setting Targets, Measuring Compliance and Results, andScaling up Achievements in Nutrient Reduction Ivan Zavadsky, UNDP/GEF Regional Programme Director Danube/ Black Sea Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  2. COOPERATION FOR POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE DANUBE – BLACK SEA REGION • GEF Support: GEF Danube – Black Sea Strategic Partnership and TDA/SAP Process (1991 - 2007) • Danube Convention and the ICPDR (1994/1998) • Black Sea Convention – BSC (1992/1994) • EU Water Framework Directive and other EU Directives, EU Marine Strategy(2000) • DABLAS Task Force (2001) • ICPDR/BSC Memorandum of Understanding (2001) Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  3. GEF Danube – Black Sea Strategic Partnership Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  4. INDICATORS • Process • Strengthening Institutions • Policy / Legal • Stress Reduction • Nutrient Reduction – investments / achievements • BAPs • Status • N/P loads • DO in Black Sea • Ecological status Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  5. PROCESS INDICATORS • Institutional Strengthening • ICPDR / BSC • DEF / Black Sea NGO Forum • Policy / legal Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  6. Status of Water-Related Policy, Programmes and Action Plans in the Danube Countries Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  7. STRESS REDUCTION Targets • Danube: • 22% reduction in P emissions and 33% reduction in N emissions by 2005 cf 1996 baseline level. • BS TDA: • To avoid exceeding nutrient loads of 1997; • To reduce nutrients loads allowing Black Sea ecosystems to recover to conditions similar to those observed in the 1960s. Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  8. STRESS REDUCTIONConsiderations in target-setting • Point vs. diffuse sources of nutrients; • Groundwater contribution to nutrient budget (47% of Danube input is GW-derived); • Recent historical changes in nutrient inputs and outputs – law of diminishing returns! • Internal loading of nutrients; • Economic influences on nutrient management (e.g. agricultural practices). Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  9. STRESS REDUCTION Livestock manure N P Romania Bulgaria Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  10. SUMMARY OF REDUCTIONS Context: Emissions estimated 700kt/a (N); 70kt/a (P) Load estimate 410 kt/a (N); 12 kt/a (P) Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  11. STATUS INDICATORSDanube loads to Black Sea Inorganic N Total P Actual loads Flow –corrected loads Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  12. STATUS INDICATORSEcological status of Black Sea Phytoplankton Zoobenthos Zooplankton Phyllophora/Fisheries ? Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  13. LESSONS LEARNED (1) • Robust decisions are based on good information. • Public perception and/or alternative drivers are critical to ensuring success. • Present sensible targets: challenging, but not over-ambitious. Timing is crucial. • Not the only player in town; co-operation is the lifeblood of success. Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  14. PUBLIC PERCEPTION Do you think the Black Sea is healthy? 46% felt it was “only occasionally polluted in certain places” A third of people thought it was either completely dead (14%) or the most polluted Sea in Europe (19%). Only 6% of respondents felt it is healthier than it used to be. Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  15. LESSONS LEARNED (2) • Source apportionment studies are invaluable, but the same methodology must be used by all participants. • Over a short-intermediate timescale, P export is easier to tackle than N export. • Point source nutrient emissions are “easier” to tackle than diffuse source emissions. • Regional improvements in P export are due primarily to the end of state-subsidies. Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  16. GOOD MONITORING DATA (1) • Collation of existing data; • Supply of monitoring equipment; • Regional workshops on methods development and production of standardised methods manuals; • Pilot monitoring exercises to test manuals. Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  17. GOOD MONITORING DATA (2) • Analytical proficiency testing exercises; • Research cruises to: • Improve understanding of the eutrophication process; • Fill-in gaps left by national / international monitoring programmes; • Support the scientific community. Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  18. ACHIEVEMENTS • Institutional • Co-operation EC/GEF • SAP developed • ICPDR funded and functional • DEF strengthened • Danube Analysis • BSC/ICPDR JTWG Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  19. ACHIEVEMENTS • Environment • Reduced nutrients – upper Danube • Reduced P discharges from Danube • Reduced anoxic conditions NW Black Sea • Increased zoobenthos diversity NW Black Sea Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  20. FUTURE CHALLENGES • Achieving / maintaining mid-1990s nutrient levels – and more! • Agriculture and CAP reform • N reduction • Improving data Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

  21. TRANSFERABLE LESSONS • For IRBM to succeed: • Political will – countries collaborate • Legal framework - convention • Strong institution – e.g. ICPDR • Long-term support – e.g. UNDP/GEF projects Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in theDanube-Black Sea Basin, Moldova, 4-6 October 2006

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