WOMEN’S SUFFERAGE

2. WOMEN’S SUFFERAGE

3. How much it mattered… • Iron-Jawed Angels Preview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StF3_Mj0tBg&feature=related • Force-feeding scene http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pO70ZjZ0wrw • Historians Discuss:Suffragette Alice Paul v. President Woodrow Wilson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yn2D1ukQC4

4. Ballot: (1) The piece of paper used to vote. (2) The act of voting. Citizenship: Having the duties, rights, and privileges of being a citizen of a country Enfranchise: To give the rights of citizenship to a person or group of people, especially to give that group the right to vote. Federal: Belonging to the central government of a country as opposed to the local government of a city or state. Militant: (1) Fighting or making war. (2) Aggressive or combative. Municipal: Belonging to a city or town. Petition: (1) An appeal, especially to a person or group in authority. (2) A written document formally requesting a right or benefit from an authority or government. Picket: A person or group of people standing outside a building to protest. Provincial: (1) Relating to a province. (2) Not sophisticated or worldly Suffrage: (1) The right to vote. (2) The act of voting.

5. Efforts by Individuals • Alice Paul • Learned strategies in England; formed Congressional Union • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Skilled speaker and writer, National Women’s Suffrage Association

6. Efforts by Individuals • Susan B. Anthony • Strategist and organizer for the National Women’s Suffrage Association • Carrie Chapman Catt • Developed the winning plan for women’s suffrage

7. Efforts by Organizations • National Women’s Suffrage Association • Sought a Constitutional Amendment • American Women Suffrage Association • sought state by state passage of women’s suffrage

8. Efforts by Organizations • National American Women Suffrage Association • Worked on state and federal levels to have women’s suffrage • Congressional Union • Aggressive and militant campaigns

9. Strategies • Civil Disobedience • State by state legislation • Constitutional Amendment • Anthony Amendment

10. The 19th Amendment • 28 Little Words is all they fought for • 28 little words made it all worth it • “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”

11. Show What You Know Quiz • http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/quiz/index.asp

12. A Timeline of Women’s Suffrage

13. 1776-18661776Writing to her husband John Adams, who is attending the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, Abigail Adams asks that he and the others who were working on the Declaration of Independence "Remember the Ladies." John responds humorously, saying the Declaration's wording specifies that "all men are created equal."1820 to 1880Susan B. Anthony is born on February 15, 1820 in Adams, Massachusetts. A variety of printed sources published during this period--advice manuals, sermons, medical text, poetry and literature --reveal that Americans, in general, held highly stereotypical notions about women's and men's roles in society. Historians would later call this phenomenon "The Cult of Domesticity." 1848The first women's rights convention in the United States is held in Seneca Falls, New York. A "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" is signed by many present, outlining the issues and goals for the developing women's movement. Thereafter, women's rights meetings are held on a regular basis.

14. 1851 Sojourner Truth, a former slave, delivers her "Ain't I a Woman?" speech before a rapt audience at a women's rights convention in Akron, Ohio1859 Vulcanization of rubber provides women with reliable condoms for the first time in history. The birth rate in the United States continues its century-long downward spiral. By the late 1900s, women will raise an average of only two to three children, in contrast to the five or six children they raised at the beginning of the century1861 to 1865 The American Civil War disrupts suffrage activity as women, North and South, redirect their energies to "war work." The War itself serves as a "training ground," as women gain important occupational and organizational skills they will later use in postbellum organizational activity.1866Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony form the American Equal Rights Association, an organization for white and black women and men dedicated to the goal of universal suffrage. Elizabeth Cady Stanton presents a petition to Congress demanding the vote for women.

15. 1868-18951868Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony launch the feminist newspaper The Revolution. The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified, which extends to all citizens the protections of the Constitution against unjust state laws. This Amendment was the first to define "citizens" and "voters" as "male."1869As a result of disagreements over the Fourteenth and soon-to-be-passed Fifteenth Amendments, the women's rights movement splits into two groups. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony form the more radical, New York-based National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and Julia Ward Howe organize the more conservative American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), based in Boston. 1872 Susan B. Anthony is arrested in Rochester, New York, for attempting to vote. At the same time, Sojourner Truth appears at a polling booth in Grand Rapids, Michigan, demanding a ballot; she is turned away.

16. 1874In Minor v. Happersett, the U.S. Supreme Court affirms that states have the jurisdiction to decide whether women are allowed to vote.1878 A Woman Suffrage Amendment is introduced in the United States Congress. The wording is unchanged in 1919, when the amendment finally passes both houses.1890 The NWSA and the AWSA are reunited as the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. During this same year, Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr found Hull House, a settlement house project in Chicago's 19th Ward. Within one year, there are more than a hundred settlement houses--largely operated by women--throughout the United States. The settlement house movement and the Progressive campaign of which it was a part propelled thousands of college-educated white women and a number of women of color into lifetime careers in social work. It also made women an important voice to be reckoned with in American.

17. 1895 Elizabeth Cady Stanton publishes The Woman's Bible. After its publication, NAWSA moves to distance itself from this venerable suffrage pioneer because many conservative suffragists considered her to be too radical and, thus, potentially damaging to the suffrage campaign. From this time, Stanton--who had resigned as NAWSA president in 1892--was no longer invited to sit on the stage at NAWSA conventions.

18. 1903-19231903 Mary Dreier, Rheta Childe Dorr, Leonora O'Reilly, and others form the Women's Trade Union League of New York, an organization of middle- and working-class women dedicated to unionization for working women and to woman suffrage. This group later became a nucleus of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU).1908National Women's Day is celebrated in the U.S. for the first time; the celebration goes international in 1910.

19. 1911 The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWS) is organized. Led by Mrs. Arthur Dodge, its members included wealthy, influential women and some Catholic clergymen--including Cardinal Gibbons. 1912Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party becomes the first national political party to support suffrage for women.1913 Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organize a major suffrage parade in Washington, D.C. with over 5,000 women attending. The mistreatment of the marchers by the crowd and the police led to a great public outcry and the event was a media coup for the suffragists.

20. 1916NAWSA president Carrie Chapman Catt unveils her "winning plan" for suffrage victory at a convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It involved efforts to gain suffrage in a state-by-state fashion. Alice Paul splits with NAWSA in disagreement over this position and founds the National Woman's Party (NWP) setting out to win a national suffrage amendment by targeting Congress and the White House with a strategy of sustained, dramatic, nonviolent protest. 1917National Woman's Party stations daily pickets at the White House in civil disobedience campaign.

21. 1918 to 1920 The Great War (World War I) intervenes to slow down the suffrage campaign as some--but not all--suffragists decide to shelve their suffrage activism in favor of "war work." Alice Paul and the NWP stage daily pickets and many women are arrested at the White House.August 26, 1920 The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified. Its victory accomplished, NAWSA ceases to exist, but its organization becomes the nucleus of the League of Women Voter1923 The National Woman's Party first proposes the Equal Rights Amendment to eliminate discrimination on the basis of gender. It has never been ratified.