Teacher’s Notes

1. Teacher’s Notes Fuel Demos:- Ethanol in sealed test tube and Large Drinking Water container Large Hydrogen Balloon (pre-prepared) and meter ruler with a candle stuck at the end Model Power Station with fire lighter fuel OPTIONAL LITERACY EXTENSION TASK:- Three candles of different lengths, Large beaker. CAMS HILL WRITING FRAMES • Energy Transfer Circus:- • Wind up toys • Kettle • Balloons and duster cloth • Torch • Energy Transfer Unit (from MUTR) • Electric Motor pulling up weights • Lamp and Solar Cell connected to a fan • Fan and Windmill connected to a light bulb • Burning Demo:- • Pouring CO2 Demo (can be done as a class practical). Vinegar, candle light, baking soda. • Burning Hands Demo

2. Energise Yourself

3. L1-Types of Energies and Combustion

4. HOMEWORK Design two posters with the following titles: How Coal was made How Petrol was made Due

5. What do you know about Energy?

6. Energy Transfers and CombustionLesson Outcomes To be able to list at least 3 different types of energies and give examples of energy transfers. To be able to explain the combustion triangle. To be able to explain the difference between a good and a bad fuel. Key Words:- Electrical, Potential, Joule, Fuel, Combustion, Transfer, Conservation, Thermal, Sankey Diagram

7. The Nine Types of Energy Chemical Gravitational Kinetic Energy Elastic Types of Energies Potential Energy Light Thermal Energy Sound Nuclear

8. The 9 types of energy

9. Energy changes 1) Write down the starting energy: 3) Write down what energy types are given out: Electricity Light + heat 2) Draw an arrow To describe an energy change for a light bulb we need to do 3 steps: • What are the energy changes for the following…? • An electric fire • A rock about to dropping through the air • An arrow being fired

10. Energy Transfer Circus • Either Demonstrate or students go around the energy transfer circus. • At each station/demo students draw an appropriate Energy Transfer diagram. • If demonstrating students can write Energy transfer diagrams on mini white boards.

11. How energy is transferred • Energy itself is invisible. This activity should help you to understand that you can track energy by what it does, and to start to understand where energy comes from and goes to. • Equipment • Around the room there are 10 stations. At each one is some equipment set up. Your teacher will tell you which station to start at. • Safety • Keep Bunsen burner flames turned to the yellow safety flame. • Obtaining evidence • Draw up a table like the one shown below.

12. Types of energy • thermal (heat) • kinetic (movement) • sound • light • electrical • chemicalgravitational potential • strain

13. Sankey diagrams Consider a light bulb. Let’s say that the bulb runs on 100 watts (100 joules per second) and transfers 20 joules per second into light and the rest into heat. Draw this as a diagram: “Input” energy “Output” energy 20 J/s light energy 100 J/s electrical energy 80 J/s heat energy (given to the surroundings)

14. Example questions Consider a kettle: Consider a computer: 2000 J/s electrical energy 150 J/s electrical energy 20 J/s wasted heat Wasted heat Heat to water Useful light and sound 10 J/s wasted sound Sound energy • Work out each energy value. • What is the kettle’s efficiency? • How much energy is converted into useful energy? • What is the computer’s efficiency?

15. Energy Transfers and CombustionLesson Outcomes To be able to list at least 3 different types of energies and give examples of energy transfers. To be able to explain the combustion triangle. To be able to explain the difference between a good and a bad fuel. Key Words:- Electrical, Potential, Joule, Fuel, Combustion, Transfer, Conservation, Thermal, Sankey Diagram

16. The Combustion Reaction

17. What are the things needed for something to burn? • Watch some of these demos and see if you can explain what is going on.

18. What are the things needed for something to burn? • Burning Demo – watch this demo / do it as a class. Can you explain why the flame goes out? What does this tell you about what is needed for something to burn? • Burning Hands Demo

19. The fire triangle Click Image

20. Watch this clip and explain why it shows some bad science.

21. Optional Extension Activity • Light three candles of different lengths and ask students to predict which one will go out first when you cover it with a beaker. • You can use CAMs Hill writing frames to get students to explain this in detail.

22. Energy Transfers and CombustionLesson Outcomes To be able to list at least 3 different types of energies and give examples of energy transfers. To be able to explain the combustion triangle. To be able to explain the difference between a good and a bad fuel. Key Words:- Electrical, Potential, Joule, Fuel, Combustion, Transfer, Conservation, Thermal, Sankey Diagram

23. What is a fuel?

24. Fuel demos • Ethanol Rocket – Pour some Ethanol in the large Water Container and shake about for a few minutes. Pour out the Ethanol and carefully light the top of the bottle. • Light a large Hydrogen balloon using a meter ruler with a candle stuck at the end.

25. Fuels Coal, oil and gas are called “fossil fuels”. In other words, they were made from fossils. A “fuel” is something that can be burned to release heat and light energy. The main examples are:

26. Oil and gas formation

27. Coal formation

28. Energy Transfers and CombustionLesson Outcomes To be able to list at least 3 different types of energies and give examples of energy transfers. To be able to explain the combustion triangle. To be able to explain the difference between a good and a bad fuel. Key Words:- Electrical, Potential, Joule, Fuel, Combustion, Transfer, Conservation, Thermal, Sankey Diagram