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EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION. Movement of our Continents. 1.) CLIMATE 2.) Species can move-Adaptation 3.) Natural Disasters-Mass Extinction Leads to the theory of evolution! Speciation= new species-members are isolated and adapted, so they can no longer produce offspring.

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EVOLUTION

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  1. EVOLUTION

  2. Movement of our Continents 1.) CLIMATE 2.) Species can move-Adaptation 3.) Natural Disasters-Mass Extinction Leads to the theory of evolution! Speciation= new species-members are isolated and adapted, so they can no longer produce offspring. Geographical Isolation  Reproductive Isolation http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/frilly-horned-dinosaur-utah.html

  3. Evolutionary Convergence- describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineagesEvolutionary Divergence-is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species adapting to different environments, leading to natural selection defining the success of specific mutations.Microevolution VS. MacroevolutionAnalogous -similar in features and function-not in structure (wings: bird vs. insect)Homologous-two anatomical or behavior which originated from a structure of a common ancestor .

  4. NATURAL SELECTION VS. ARTIFICAL SELECTION better survival traits will become Human perferred Traits more prevalant in future populations. 1.) Genetic Engineering 1.) Genetic Variablity 2.) Recombinant DNA 2.) Heritable GMO’s/Transgenic 3.) Differential Reproduction - CO-EVOLUTION - Hybridization

  5. Genetic Drift • Leads to the change in allele frequencies • Genotypes/Phenotypes/Gene Pool • Hardy–Weinberg law : states that both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant—that is, they are in equilibrium—from generation to generation unless specific disturbing influences are introduced. • Non-random mating • Mutations • Limited population size • Random Genetic Drift (migration/emigration)

  6. Species Richness Shannon Index-species equation used to indicate the number of species and the evenness of space

  7. Peppered Moth-Pre industrial revolution (white) Post (black)

  8. Adapt, Migrate, or Extinction! • About 99.9% of all species are extinct • Endemic Species-found in one area • Background Extinction: Disappearance at a low rate • Mass Extinction (Depletion): Catastrophe *Speciation-Extinction=Biodiverstiy • Holocene Extinction-Humans • HIPPO

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