The Era of the Second World War

1. The Era of the Second World War Katherine Burke

2. Review: Path to War • 1937 • Japan invades China • Germany signs a military agreement with Japan • 1938 • Germany announces ‘Anschluss’ with Austria • German military re-arms • Munich Agreement • Germany occupies the Sudetenland • 1939 • Nazis take over Czechoslovakia • ‘Pact of Steel’ signed with Italy • Nazis and Soviets sign Pact • Britain and Poland sign a Mutual Assistance Treaty • Nazis invade Poland • War is declared on Germany • Battle of the Atlantic begins • USSR Soviets invade Poland which is divided between Germany and USSR • USSR expelled from the League of Nations

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4. Invasion of Poland • March – Britain and France promised to support Poland if attacked • Early April – Hitler gave secret orders for army to attack Poland on 1 September 1939 • Britain was getting ready for war • 1 September – invasion • 3rd September – war declared on Germany by Britain and France

6. Churchill Takes Over as France Falls • Blitzkrieg tactics used effective by Germany • Poland was invaded and nothing could be done • Within days, Denmark & Norway were invaded • May 10th – Winston Churchill takes over as Prime Minister of Britain • Germany turns towards France • France - defeated by Germany (and Italy) • 22 June – France surrendered to Germany, an agreement was signed in the same railway carriage as the Treaty of Versailles

8. The Battle of Britain • Battle of Britain began August 1940 after Hitler decided he must invade Britain • The raids damaged the RAF (British Air Force) • Pilots were being killed faster than trained at one point • British had radar • RAF bombed Berlin, leading Germany to bomb London • London was bombed 76 nights in total – one night off due to bad weather

10. Bombings on Britain (London) • Most feared air raids • Many feared gas attacks • From 1 September blackouts were enforced • From 3 September there was conscription (draft) for all men 18-41 • Anyone whose jobs were not vital • No rationing until January 1940 – bacon, sugar and butter • Restaurants rationed from 1942 • Only allowed to serve 1 main meal

12. The Two Sides • The Allied Powers • Britain • France • Soviet Union (USSR) • Later – USA • The Axis Powers • Germany • Japan • Italy

14. Famous Quotes (Allies) • U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt • “Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan {in Japan}.” • “As a nation, we may take pride in the fact that we are softhearted; but we cannot afford to be soft-headed.”

16. Famous Quotes (Allies) • U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt • President from 1932-1945 • signed the Lend-Lease Act allowing the U.S. to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States."

18. Famous Quotes (Allies) • British Prime Minister Winston Churchill • "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.“ • “The empires of the future are the empires of the mind.” • U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower (Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe) • “I hate war as only a soldier who has lived it can, only as one who has seen its brutality, its stupidity.”

20. Famous Quotes (Allies) • General George S. Patton (Famous U.S. General) • “It is foolish and wrong to mourn the men who died. Rather we should thank God that such men lived.” • U.S. General Douglas MacArthur (Commander of the war in the Pacific against Japan) • “It was close; but that's the way it is in war. You win or lose, live or die — and the difference is just an eyelash.”

22. Famous Quotes (Axis Powers) • German Chancellor Adolf Hitler (Nazi Party leader) • “I don't see much future for the Americans ... it's a decayed country. And they have their racial problem, and the problem of social inequalities ... my feelings against Americanism are feelings of hatred.... • “All propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the comprehension of the least intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach.”

24. Famous Quotes (Axis Powers) • Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini (Fascist Party leader) • “Shoot me in the chest.“ • “It is my conviction that in time of war, when the cannon speaks with its powerful voice, the less we speak the better. ” • Japanese Emperor Hirohito • However, it is according to the dictates of time and fate that We have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace for all the generations to come by enduring the unendurable and suffering what is insufferable.

26. Turning Points • Battle of the Atlantic • U-boats used to attack merchant ships in 1941 • America Enters the War • Sinking of American ships at Pearl Harbour in 1941 brought the U.S. into the war

28. Turning Points • Russian Invasion • Germany invaded in 1942 but failed due to Russian resistance and the winter cold • Battle of Stalingrad - (began Sept. 1942) and ended when German troops disobeyed Hitler and surrendered (February 1943) • British Success • Success in North Africa - General Montgomery

30. Turning Points • Meeting of the Big Three in Tehran, Iran • Britain’s Prime Minister Winston Churchill • America’s President Franklin D. Roosevelt • The Soviet Union’s General Secretary Josef Stalin

32. Turning Points • British and American Troops push through North Africa and cross over to Italy. • Half of Italy joins the Allied Powers, while the other half is still run by the Nazis. • The Allies eventually capture Rome.

34. Turning Points • D-Day (Also known as Operation Overlord • D-Day (6 June 1944) was to attack Germany from the west • 150,000 troops landed that day – to increase to millions within a month • Hitler received reports but ignored them • August 1944 – Paris was freed of Germans • By December, the Allies had pushed on to the German borders

36. Victory in Europe • Soviet Union forces reach the Capital of Germany (Berlin) first. • Americans arrive afterwards • Hitler feeds poison to his wife and then shoots himself.

38. Victory Over Japan • Americans change the war with victory at the Battle of Midway. • The Battle was mainly between aircraft carriers • Japanese navy weakened by loss of (sunken) aircraft carriers

40. Victory Over Japan • As the war continues in the Pacific Arena (Ocean), the difficult decision for America is: • Do we attack the Japanese Islands and sacrifice hundreds of thousands of American and Japanese lives OR • Do we drop new secret atomic bombs taking out Japanese cities but saving American G.I. lives?

42. Victory Over Japan • America drops the atomic bomb, destroying the city of Hiroshima. • Emperor Hirohito still does not surrender. • America drops the second atomic bomb, destroying the city of Nagasaki. • Japan surrenders.