Nubian Trade and Conquest

1. Nubian Trade and Conquest

2. Do Now • Take out your Fact Finder • How have Egypt and Nubia influenced one another so far?

3. Nubian Trade • Why was Nubia’s location an ideal trading center?

4. Nubian Trade • It was located between northern Africa and southern Africa

5. Nubian Trade • From the south they imported: 1. Leopard skins 2. Ostrich Eggs 3. Feathers 4. Ivory 5. Ebony 6. Spices 7. Gold

6. Ostriches

7. Ostrich Egg

8. Nubian Trade • They then exported these same items to the north.

9. Nubian Trade • In what places were these items in great demand?

10. Nubian Trade • Egypt and the early peoples of southwestern Asia

11. Nubian Trade • The Egyptians particularly valued Nubian gold, which Nubians not only mined but also purified. The Egyptians used it lavishly to construct ­­­­­statues and decorations.

12. Nubian Trade • As Nubian trade flourished, so did the Nubian economy. The control of the gold trade served to made Nubia rich – and its neighbors jealous.

13. Nubian Trade • Explain the events that occurred that lead to Egypt taking over parts of Nubia.

14. Nubian Trade • At first, Egypt and Nubia traded peacefully for raw materials.

15. Nubian Trade • Then, at some point, The Egyptians realized that they could gain greater wealth if they controlled Nubia’s trade routes.

16. Nubian Trade • By 2600 B.C., Egyptian monarchs had claimed all the trade routes in northern Nubia.

17. Nubian Trade • The Egyptians also began looting Nubia’s rich natural resources. They cut and hauled away blocks of stone, such as granite, which they used for statues and buildings. They also mined Nubian copper and gold.

18. Granite

19. Nubian Trade • In about 2000 B.C. the Egyptian king began to annex, or add on, the land of northernNubia.

20. Nubian Trade • First he conquered the region.

21. Nubian Trade • Then he ordered mud-brickforts built near the second cataract to protect the newly annexed land. By annexing northern Nubia, the Egyptians gained Nubian resources and Nubian soldiers.

22. Freedom and Reconquest • Egyptian control of Nubia did not last long. At the same time, a powerful kingdom arose in southernNubia and began to drive the Egyptians out of Nubian lands.

23. Freedom and Reconquest • The ancient Egyptians called the new kingdom Kush. Historians today call it the kingdom of Kerma for its capital, located near the third cataract, where the modern town of Kerma, Sudan, is today.

24. Kush

25. Kerma

26. Question • How do you remember the kingdom of Kerma??

27. Answer Kerma the Frog Here!!!!

28. Freedom and Reconquest • By 1650 B.C., the Kushites had regained their independence, or freedom, from Egypt

29. Freedom and Reconquest • Free from Egyptian rule, Kerma became a major center for both river and overland trade.

30. Freedom and Reconquest • Goods such as gold, salt, spices, elephant tusks, and rhinoceros horns moved through Kerma to markets in Egypt and across the Red Sea to Asia. This trade brought great wealth to Kerma.

31. Rhinoceros

32. Freedom and Reconquest • Describe Kush and Egypt during Kerma’s days of prosperity

33. Freedom and Reconquest • Kush Kushite kings gained power as well as wealth. Over time, they gained control of much of northern Nubia.

34. Freedom and Reconquest • The same period was not as good for the Egyptians, especially since the Hyksos controlled northern Egypt. To keep the Egyptians from invading his kingdom, the Kushite king decided to become an ally, or supporter of the Hyksos.

35. Freedom and Reconquest Note: Remember at this time, the Hyksos had settled in the northeastern Nile Delta, and had eventually conquered Lower Egypt

36. Hyksos

37. Freedom and Reconquest • Kushite kings had no way of knowing that the Egyptians would soon regain their land. The victorious Egyptians forced the Hyksos out of Egypt and into southwesternAsia.

38. Freedom and Reconquest • Then the Egyptians turned south and destroyed Kush’s capital city of Kerma. WHAT!??

39. Freedom and Reconquest • Following their military successes, the Egyptians claimed control of much of Nubia. This time, Egypt’s control of Nubia stretched past the Nile’s fourthcataract. As a demonstration of strength, the Egyptians built cities and temples all over Nubia.

40. Fourth Cataract

41. Freedom and Reconquest • Egypt’s rule over Nubia lasted for about 550 years. During that time, the Egyptian pharaoh created a special position called the King’s Son of Kush. 550 Years

42. Freedom and Reconquest • This person was responsible for: 1. Day-to-say governing of Nubian lands 2. Collecting taxes

43. Freedom and Reconquest • Under Egyptian rule, the Kushites were encouraged to become much like the Egyptians. Many Kushites adopted Egyptian: 1. Religious beliefs 2. Writing 3. Customs 4. Ways of dressing

44. Egyptian Pyramids Pyramids at Giza

45. Egyptian Pyramids Great Pyramid at Giza

46. Nubian Pyramids Pyramids of Meroë

47. Nubian Pyramids

48. Nubian Pyramids

49. Activity • Please complete page 48 of your Homework and Practice Book.

50. Wrap Up • Write down any 3 things you have learned from this lesson.