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Rise and Fall of the Nubian Kingdoms: A Historical Overview

Explore the ancient Nubian Kingdoms, from their resource-rich lands to cultural exchanges with Egypt, to the rise of Kush and Meroe, and eventual decline due to various factors. Discover the fascinating history of this once-powerful civilization.

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Rise and Fall of the Nubian Kingdoms: A Historical Overview

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  1. The Nubian Kingdoms

  2. 1. The Region of Nubia • Geography • South of Egypt • Nile River ran through the middle • Rocky mountains made up the terrain

  3. b. Resources • Land was not suited for farming • Had great mineral wealth • Mined gold, granite and precious stones • These could be exported and sold • Location allowed for trade throughout the region to follow through it

  4. c. People • Expert traders • Skilled pottery makers • Expert archers • Egyptians called Nubia “The Land of the Nine Bows” • Some Egyptian governments hired Nubian archers as police and soldiers

  5. d. Early History • Nubian Kingdom formed around the same time as the Old Kingdom in Egypt • Possessed great wealth • Traded with Egypt and other lands • Egypt’s Middle Kingdom will conquer much of northern Nubia • Nubians will adopt some elements of Egyptian culture including their religion and building style

  6. 2. Growth of Kush • Beginnings • Developed in southern Nubia during the Middle Kingdom • Based around the city of Kerma • Around 1700 B.C. seized opportunity to grow when Middle Kingdom collapsed • Will rule all of Nubia

  7. iv. Made an alliance with the Hyksos • Alliance will increase trade • Wealth helped the Nubians create magnificent royal tombs v. Egyptians will invade Kush in 1550 B.C. and will add the land to their empire

  8. B. Kushites in Egypt • Egypt ruled Kush for 400 years • By 1100 B.C. the Kush were free from Egyptian control • 700 B.C. a new Kushite kingdom began to develop strength • Capital was Napata

  9. v. Piankhi or Piye • Led Kushites north • Seen as both compassionate and ruthless • Conquered all of Egypt

  10. vi. Kushites only held power over Egypt for 100 years

  11. c. Kushite Culture • Saw themselves as the guardians of Egyptian traditions • Had bodies mummified and buried in pyramids • Adopted Egyptian hieroglyphics as their own writing system • Kept some of their own culture • For example: their style of dress

  12. 3. Later Kush • Meroe • A major city in Kush • Became the new capital • Iron Industry • Iron became a large and profitable industry • Goods were shipped throughout the Nile Valley

  13. c. Later Kushite Culture • Continued to build pyramids • No longer used hieroglyphics • Developed their own alphabet and writing system • We do not know how to translate this system

  14. iv. Role of Women • Unclear • Based on carvings, women appear to have a high status • Some pyramids were for women; suggests some were rulers

  15. d. Decline • Trade decline in 200 A.D. • Contributed to the kingdom’s downfall • Several Factors • Increased competition • Reduced demand for goods • Continued raids from outsiders, disturbed trade routes • Environmental Issues • Need wood for the smelting process to forge iron • This had taken a toll on the surrounding forests • Kingdom collapsed in 350 A.D.

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