1. CSI 662 / ASTR 769 Lect. 07 Spring 2007 Mainly By Bob Weigel on March 6, 2007 Supplemented By Jie Zhang on March 27, 2007 Geomagnetic Field and Particle Theory • References: • Prolss: Chap. 5.1 – 5.3, P. 209-240 (main reference) • Tascione: Chap. 1.6 – 1.12, P4 -- P9; Chap. 4.0 -- 4.7, P43 --P50 (supplement) • Gombosi: Chap. 1, P3 – P23 (supplement)

2. Fast and Slow Wind Earth Magnetic Field • Geomagnetic Poles • Horizontal component • Vertical component • Shell parameter • Footpoints • Curvature

3. Fast and Slow Wind Magnetic Indices • Measuring the variation of horizontal magnetic field • Dst index: low latitude, hourly, global network • Kp index: middle latitude (48° to 63°), 3-hour • AE index: high latitude (62° to 72°) within aurora zone, 1 minute, not global

4. Fast and Slow Wind Gyro-motion

5. Fast and Slow Wind Bounce Motion

6. Fast and Slow Wind Drift Motion: Gradient Drift

7. Fast and Slow Wind Drift Motion: Curvature Drift

8. Fast and Slow Wind Drift Motion: E drift • Ambipolar E X B drift

9. Fast and Slow Wind DPS relationship

10. Fast and Slow Wind Adiabatic Invariants • Periodic motion can be characterized by a conserved quantity under adiabatic condition: • General form I=∫pdq, p and q are generalized momentum and coordinate • 1. Magnetic moment invariant -- Gyromotion I = ∫pperdrg • 2. Bounce invariant I = ∫ppardspar • 3. Longitudinal drift invariant (L shell) I = ∫pdrdrdf

11. Fast and Slow Wind Magnetic Mirroring • Pitch angle • Mirror point • Loss cone

12. The End