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Kinetic Particle Theory

Kinetic Particle Theory. Recap. Physical Properties of Ionic and Covalent compounds -Melting and Boiling Point -Electrical Conductivity -Solubility in water. Recap. Questions:

arthur-richards
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Kinetic Particle Theory

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  1. Kinetic Particle Theory

  2. Recap • Physical Properties of Ionic and Covalent compounds -Melting and Boiling Point -Electrical Conductivity -Solubility in water

  3. Recap • Questions: • What is/are the states that ionic compounds usually exist as at r.t.p (room temperature and pressure)? What about covalent molecules? • Can ionic compound exist as other states? What do you need to do to change state? How does it happen?

  4. Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: • Describethe solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter

  5. WHAT IS A MATTER? (a)Matter is anything that has massand occupies space. (b)All matter is made up oftinyparticles (atoms, molecules or ions). Use of the general term 'particle' means the precise nature of the particles does not have to be specified. (c)Matters can exist in 3 states: Solid, Liquid and gas.

  6. These three forms of matter are called the states of matter. • As shown here, water (liquid) can exist as ice (solid) or water vapour (gas).

  7. MAKE OBSERVATIONSLook at the purple spot and orange spot….. • What do you see? Why do you think it behave that way?

  8. Food for thought….. • Why do you smell a hamburger from a distance away? What about perfumes? How are the bees attracted to the flowers? • When you place a small piece of food into boiling water, what do you observe to it?

  9. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER The kinetic particle theory is a model used to explain the properties of matter. Kinetic Theory of Matter states that: (i) All matter is made up oftinyparticles and they exist as atoms, molecules or ions. (The particles are attracted to each other by attractive forces)

  10. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER (ii) The particles are always in continuous random motion and hence possess kinetic energy. **(The kinetic energy of a particle increases withtemperature and pressure, the higher the temperature and pressure, the faster the particles move. At fixed temperature, lighterparticles move faster than heavier particles.)

  11. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER The particles in a substance are of the same type, in solid, liquid or gaseous state. The differ only in • their arrangement • how strongly the particles are held together and • the amount of kinetic energies that they possess. Kinetic theory can be used to explain how solids, liquids and gases differ in movement and arrangement.

  12. Group Work(5mins for discussion) Get into groups of 4. Discuss about • How do molecules of matter behave? • How do the behaviour of particles account for the property of solid, liquid and gas?(Each group’ll be allocated 1 state) • Selected groups will role play on the movement of the particles in the particular state allocated.

  13. 3 states of matter (Difference)

  14. 3 states of matter (Difference)

  15. 3 states of matter (Difference)

  16. Movement of Particles gas solid liquid http://www.educationusingpowerpoint.org.uk/index.html?ks3science.html~mainFrame http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/

  17. The Solid State

  18. Arrangement of particles (In a solid) high densities cannot be compressed straight edges

  19. Arrangement of particles (In a solid) fixed cannot

  20. The Liquid State

  21. Arrangement of particles (In a Liquid) moderately high cannot no

  22. Arrangement of particles (In a Liquid) cannot flow shape

  23. The Gaseous State

  24. Arrangement of particles (In a Gas) low easily no

  25. Arrangement of particles (In a Gas) easily no definite definite shape

  26. What we covered for today:Kinetic Particle Theory Says that all matter consists of many, very small particles. The particles are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion. The particles might be atoms, molecules or ions.

  27. Solids… • Particles close together • In an orderly arrangement

  28. Solids…. Particles vibrate only about fixed positions. These vibrations increase as temperature increases. The degree to which the particles move is determined by the amount of energy they have and their relationship to other particles. The particles have less energy than particles in liquids and gases. Strong forces between particles.

  29. Liquids…. • Particles close together • In a disorderly arrangement

  30. Liquids… Particles vibrate and move throughout the liquid. Particles in liquids have more energy than solids but less energy than gases. Strong forces between particles.

  31. Gas…. Particles are arranged far apart and in random movement. Particles vibrate and move anywhere. Particles in gases have more energy than solidsand liquids. No forces between particles.

  32. Solids… Liquids… Gas… LIQUID SOLID GAS • Particles close together • In an orderly arrangement • Particles far apart • In a random arrangement • Particles close together • In a disorderly arrangement Particles arrangement Vibrate about and move through liquid Vibrate about and move anywhere About fixed positions Particles vibration

  33. Solids… Liquids… Gas… LIQUID SOLID GAS Most energy Least energy Energy Energy in particles Strong forces Strong forces Forces between particles No forces

  34. Solid? Liquid? Gas? What determines the state of matter? LIQUID SOLID GAS

  35. Solid? Liquid? Gas? States of the matter can be inter-converted without changing its composition. LIQUID SOLID GAS

  36. Next Lesson Explain their inter-conversion of states in terms of the kinetic particle theory. Explainthe inter-conversion of states in terms of the energy changes involved. In the next lesson, you will be learning on:

  37. Change of State condensation Boiling & Evaporation Melting Freezing Condensation Sublimation

  38. Changes of State and the Kinetic Particle Theory Melting, freezing, boiling and condensation are examples of changes of state.

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