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K Potassium Potash. Mineral Nutrients. N Nitrate. P Phosphorus. Too much N. Stem grows too tall and thin and crop falls over Burns the roots. tomatoes. 0:1:2. 2:1:1. 1:2:1. 1:1:2. Fertilisers Organic Inorganic.
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K Potassium Potash Mineral Nutrients N Nitrate P Phosphorus Too much N Stem grows too tall and thin and crop falls over Burns the roots
tomatoes 0:1:2 2:1:1 1:2:1 1:1:2
Fertilisers Organic Inorganic • adds humus and so improves crumb structure • contains large quantities of known amounts of nutrients • decays slowly so releases nutrients over a long time • cheap and easy to obtain • releases nutrients quickly • contains other nutrients needed by plants such as magnesium • easy to spread
Anther Stigma Where the pollen lands Produces pollen (male gamete) Style Pollen travels down this Ovule Egg (female gamete) Sepal Protects the flower in bud Ovary Develops into the fruit
Cross Pollination The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same species This increases genetic variation so plants are able to adapt to their surroundings
Self Pollination The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower. Advantage Does not require another plant of the same species near by Disadvantage Little genetic variation in offspring
Wind Pollinated Plants Feathery Stigma hanging outside the flower to increase surface area to catch pollen Anthers hanging outside the flower so wind will blow pollen away Lots of small, light pollen produced so it can be carried by the wind Flower small and green and not scented since it does not need to attract insects
Insect Pollinated Plants Brightly coloured, scented flowers to attract insects Small quantities of large, sticky pollen is produced Nectar is produced Anthers and stigma inside flower in the best position for the insect
A word of caution Make sure that there are insects or wind in glass houses and polytunnels
Vegetative Reproduction • This is asexual • All offspring are genetically identical to the parents • Growers know what they will produce • If one plant gets a disease they will all get the disease
Single Digging or Bastard Trenching • aerates the soil • removes weeds • improves drainage • FYM can be added to improve crumb structure • raked to produce a good tilth
Clay Water Humus Sand Silt
Cultivation By Machine Ploughing and harrowing
Seed Germination Testa (Seed Coat) Plumule Tough, so water is needed to swell the seed and break the testa before the seed can germinate Young shoot Radicle Cotyledons (Food Store) Young root Glucose + Oxygen Energy Enzymes are needed for respiration therefore seeds only germinate in the warmth Light is not usually needed for germination except in certain seeds such as lettuce
light sensors • temperature probes • carbon dioxide sensors • pH meters • humidity sensors
Red Rose White Rose The allele for red flowers is dominant over the allele for white flowers
Inheritance of Flower Colour Using A Punnet Square A red flowered plant was crossed with a white flowered plant. What is the ratio of phenotypes and genotypes in their offspring? R r R r Rr rr r b Rr rr r b Ratio of Genotypes: 1:1 Rr:rr 1:1 Red:White Ratio of Phenotypes:
Risk Assessments DO NOT BE VAGUE
Storing Crops Ripening Bruising Diseases Pests
