Advance Freshmen English

1. Advance Freshmen English Grammar Boot Camp Semicolon, Colon, Comma

2. Phrases and Clauses • A phrase is a collection of words that may have nouns or verbs, but it does not have a subject doing a verb. • leaving behind the dog • smashing into a fence • before the first test • A clause is a collection of words that has a subject that is actively doing a verb. • I despise individuals of lower character • When the saints go marching in • Because she smiled at him

4. Review: • Independent Clause – A clause that can stand by itself as a sentence. • I despise individuals of low character. • Dependent clauses have a subject doing a verb, but they have a subordinate conjunction placed in front of the clause. They need to be attached to more words. • Becauseshesmiled at him

5. Practice: • Phrase, Independent Clause, or Dependent Clause • The Beatles are the greatest band of all time. • Independent clause • Between The Beatles and Bob Dylan. • Phrase (no subject) • Because of their songwriters. • Phrase (subject isn’t doing a verb) • Because John Lennon is a brilliant song writer. • Dependent clause • When I figure it out. • Independent clause or dependent clause (when can be a subordinate conjunction)

6. Comma • Rule #1: After every item in a series except the last. • Wilco, The Rolling Stones , Arcade Fire, and Radiohead are also some of my favorite bands. • This summer I saw Paul Mccartney in Milwaukee, Pearl Jam at Wrigley, and Glen Hansard, Robert Plant, and The Shins at smaller venues. • The professor explained what a recession is, why it happens, and how the economy can recover from it. • Rule #2: Use commas after the adverbs first, second, third, and so on, when these adverbs introduce a series of parallel items. • This is how we got publicity: first, we buy Mentos; second, we buy Pepsi; third, we put them together.

7. Comma • Rule #3: When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one. • Larry has a fast, sporty car. • The XX have a small, minimal sound to their music. • Rule #4: Use a comma to separate in introductory word, phrase, or clause from the rest of a sentence. • No, I do not like reality television. • When playing basketball, wear suitable shoes. • Because the world is round, it blows my mind.

8. Comma • Rule #5: Use commas to set off words or groups of words that interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence. -Use commas before and after parenthetical expressions (by-the-way phrases). • The Pearl Jam show, we believed, had been canceled. • Betsy, however, was sure of the answer. • They usually cost, if you get a good deal, about $230. • Interrupters: moreover, I suppose, I think, nevertheless, on the other hand, to tell the truth…

9. Practice: • After being stuck under the rock for 127 hours the hiker cut off his own arm. • After being stuck under the rock for 127 hours, the hiker cut off his own arm. (Introductory clause) • With my leftover student loan money, I visited exciting countries like France Switzerland and Italy. • While on my cruise, I visited exciting countries like Greece, Turkey, and Italy. (Introductory clause and series) • Toads however have rougher skin. • Toads, however, have rougher skin. (Parenthetical expression) • The tired hungry searchers refused to give up. • The tired, hungry searchers refused to give up. (Adjectives before a noun)

10. Semicolon • Rule #1: Join the parts of a compound sentence. • This replaces the comma + FANBOYS • Ex: I tried the water fountain; it was not working \

11. Semicolon • Rule #2: When there are commas within items in a series, use semicolons to separate the items. • Carson has lived in Selma, Alabama; Syracuse, New York; and Bismarck, North Dakota. • Rule #3: Use a semicolon before a word that joins the clauses of a compound sentence. Joining words: therefore, however, hence, so , then, moreover, besides, nevertheless, yet, consequently • Sara has never taken lessons; however, she plays very well.

12. Practice: 1. The loudspeakers were broken no one could hear the music. • The loudspeakers were broken; no one could hear the music. 2.Popular ocean resorts include Atlantic City, New Jersey Ocean City, Maryland Virginia Beach, Virginia and Nags Head, North Carolina. • Popular ocean resorts include Atlantic City, New Jersey; Ocean City, Maryland; Virginia Beach, Virginia and Nags Head, North Carolina. 3. Bud is an excellent player however, he didn’t make the team. • Bud is an excellent player; however, he didn’t make the team.

13. Colon • Cannot follow a verb • Rule #1: Use a colon before some lists • Before these phrases: these are, there are, the following, as follows, such as , these things. • My favorite sports are the following: baseball, basketball. Soccer, and freeze tag. • Rule #2: Use a colon before a long, formal quotation • Governor Smith stated to the press: “I think that children should study grammar for a least six hours a day...”

14. Colon • Rule #3: When you want to say “here comes an example” or “here’s what I’m talking about.” • There’s only one sport for me: alligator wrestling

15. Practice • When you are getting ready for camp, be sure you pack these things toothbrush, sleeping bag, and pillow. • When you are getting ready for camp, be sure you pack these things: toothbrush, sleeping bag, and pillow. • There’s one thing I love more than anything else in the world pizza. • There’s one thing I love more than anything else in the world: pizza. • Mr. K stated the following “I love grammar boot camp so much that I sleep with my grammar packet under my pillow! I loved being able to apply the tools I learned in class to my perfect paragraph so that it really is perfect!” • Mr. Kstated the following:“I love grammar boot camp so much that I sleep with my grammar packet under my pillow! I loved being able to apply the tools I learned in class to my perfect paragraph so that it really is perfect!”