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The enlightenmenTt

The enlightenmenTt. Who, what, AND WHERE?. Started in Paris , spread throughout Europe and American Political thinkers at the heart of the movement. Their ideas inspired democratic revolutions in Europe , U.S., and Latin America .

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The enlightenmenTt

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  1. The enlightenmenTt

  2. Who, what, AND WHERE? • Started in Paris, spread throughout Europe and American • Political thinkers at the heart of the movement. • Their ideas inspired democratic revolutions in Europe, U.S., and Latin America. • Reason people challenge the old ways of government absolutism Louis XVI

  3. Thomas Hobbes • English Philosopher • Wrote the Leviathan • Beliefs: • 1. people are naturally wicked gov. is necessary • 2. Gov.’s job is to protect people from themselves • 3. People joined into a social contract and submit to an authoritarian ruler to prevent disorder. • In the contract, citizens accept responsibilities and rights, and grant the gov. the power to uphold them • Other philosophers will later pickup this theory (Locke & Rousseau)

  4. John Locke • English Philosopher • Beliefs: • 1. All men can reason • 2. Ppl. have natural rights to life, liberty, and ownership of property. • 3. Ppl. form govs. to protect those natural rights. • 4. If the gov. does not protect the natural rights, ppl. can form a new gov. • 5. Gov. gets it authority from the ppl. so it should do what the ppl. want. • His ideas used in the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson !

  5. Charles-Louis Montesquieu • French Philosopher • Beliefs: • 1. Any person or group will try to increase their power • 2. Gov. kept under control through separation of powers. • 3. Governmental balance achieved with three branches of gov. checks and balances • Ideas used in the Constitution by James Madison

  6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • French Philosopher • Beliefs: • 1. Advocated direct democracy he advanced democracy • 2. A social contract exists between citizens and the gov. • Unlike Hobbes, he believed people could live peacefully in a state of nature • 3. Gov. should respond to the people’s will—consent of the governed

  7. Simon Bolivar • Venezuelan & Latin-American Revolutionary Leader • Influenced by Locke’s natural rights and Rousseau’s idea on the social contract theory. • Sought independence from Spain and the creation of a democracy • Supported the free market economic system: capitalism

  8. Thomas Jefferson • Beliefs: Influenced by Locke • 1. Rights received at birth (unalienable rights) • 2.Government in power because the ppl. put it theregov. must do what the ppl. want. • Main author of the Declaration of Independence. • His statement, “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” is similar to Locke’s idea.

  9. James Madison • Know as the “Father of the Constitution” • Created the Federal system • Gov. power divided between a centralgov. and local gov. • Came up with the idea for the Great Compromise bicameral Congress

  10. Mary Wollstonecraft • Beliefs: • 1. All people are equal-including women • 2. Women need more economic, political, and social rights • Founder of the European and American movement for women’s rights • 3. Society will benefit if women are educated and allowed to participate in gov.

  11. Niccolo Machiavelli • Wrote The Prince • Describes how a ruler can gain political power and keep it. • Belief: • 1. You could be a good ruler even if you weren’t moral. • Effectiveness instead of morality

  12. Voltaire • Is freedom of speech important? EXPLAIN your answer ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Should freedom of speech ever be limited? EXPLAIN your answer ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Advocated freedom of speech Advocated freedom of religion & religious tolerance Beccaria Cruel and unusual punishments don’t stop crimes Punishment must fit the crime • Should capital punishment (the death penalty) be used as a form of punishment? EXPLAIN your answer. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

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