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CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY 1865-1914

CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY 1865-1914. Thematic History of the Late 19 th Century. INDUSTRIALISM Producing goods by machines rather than by hand. IMMIGRATION People moving into a country from another country. URBANIZATION The growth of cities. INDUSTRIALISM

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CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY 1865-1914

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  1. CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY 1865-1914

  2. Thematic History of the Late 19th Century INDUSTRIALISM Producing goods by machines rather than by hand IMMIGRATION People moving into a country from another country URBANIZATION The growth of cities

  3. INDUSTRIALISM Producing goods by machines rather than by hand • AMERICA’S RESOURCES • Natural Resources: • Human Resources: gold, silver, water, timber, coal, iron ore work ethic, increasing population, entrepreneurship

  4. Technology Transportation Science applied to business Roads, railroads, steamboats, canals

  5. You may want to take some notes from this video clip.

  6. II. ORGANIZING AMERICA’S INDUSTRY • Types of Businesses • Sole proprietorship: owned by one person • Small scale • Individual control • Owner bears responsibility and liability For example….

  7. Partnership: owned by two or more people • Shared responsibility • Increased resources • Potential for disagreements For example….

  8. Corporation: owned by shareholders who purchase stock in the company • Limited losses, limited gains • Shareholders have limited liability • Size, if too large, makes running a corporation difficult For example….

  9. DIVIDEND A portion of earnings paid to a stock holder How do shareholders profit from ownership in a corporation? Ralph owns 100 shares of Ford. If the board of directors authorizes a dividend payment of $.30 per share, how much will Ralph receive? Ralph bought his shares at $10 per share; he sells them at $12 per share. How much does he gain? Sale of stock at a higher price than purchased CAPITAL GAIN

  10. B. Financing industry • Capital: money used to make more money; investment • Bank loans • Bonds: loans from the public, repaid with interest • Stock – investing by owning • Bond – investing by loaning

  11. Growing industry • Trust: a combination of several companies into a corporation; merger • Monopoly: exclusive control of the manufacture and distribution of a product VERTICAL MONOPOLY Control of entire manufacturing process, from start to finish HORIZONTAL MONOPOLY Control of a key step in the manufacturing process

  12. A Gallery of American Industrialists Cornelius Vanderbilt 1794-1877 - shipping and transportation - Philip Armour 1832-1901 - grain and meatpacking -

  13. Andrew Carnegie 1835-1919 - steel - J. Pierpont Morgan 1837-1913 - finance -

  14. John D. Rockefeller 1839-1937 - oil - Charles Pillsbury 1842-1899 - flour and milling -

  15. AMERICA’S RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALISM • Changing American life • Increased trade, prosperity • Changed standard of living • + leisure time, professional sports modernization • - pollution, crime, overcrowding • Changing social structure • Women working outside the home • Child labor • Greater distinction between the “haves” and “have-nots”

  16. The “Haves” Lyndhurst Biltmore Estate The “Have-nots”

  17. B. An Emphasis on Capitalism • Capitalism: economic system based on free enterprise, private property and individual investment • Laws of supply and demand • Laissez-faire: government has a “hands-off” policy concerning business • Social Darwinism: the theory of evolution (biological) applied to society (cultural-economic); the stronger, more successful businesses will survive—the weaker will not

  18. Government Regulation of Business • Purpose: to protect the consumer and to encourage competition • Examples: • Interstate Commerce Act (1887) regulated railroad rates • Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) prohibited large corporations from restricting trade or commerce

  19. Rise of Labor Unions • Purpose: to protect the worker from abuses by the management and to negotiate for better benefits • Salary, hours, working conditions, safety • Examples: • Knights of Labor (founded by Uriah Stevens): the first union; tried to organize all workers into a brotherhood

  20. American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers) joined workers of local craft unions with people of the same skill; local unions will associate with state and national unions OVTA

  21. Actions of unions • Collective bargaining: the right of the union to represent workers in negotiations • Strike: refusal to work in order to have demand met • Picket: demonstration to publicize disagreements between employer and employee

  22. Injunction: a court order to return to work • Increase in Wealth • Materialism: placing excessive emphasis on wealth or material possessions • Philanthropy: charitable giving by the wealthy

  23. Erie Canal: http://www.lakelandschools.org/lt/NewYorkVM/canalmap.gif Cornelius Vanderbilt: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/3/35/225px-Vanderbilt.jpg Philip Armor: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/50/180px-Philip_D_Armour_in_the_1880s.jpg J. Pierpont Morgan: http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000107.jpg Andrew Carnegie: http://www.creativeenergy.org/images/andrew_carnegie.jpg John Rockefeller: http://shots.oxo.li/hot/OXO-World/John_D_Rockefeller.jpg Charles Pillsbury: http://www.kipnotes.com/pillsbury.jpg “After the feast”: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/historyofus/teachers/pdfs/segment9-4.pdf Founders of the Knights of Labor: http://6hourday.org/images/FoundersKoL1886.jpg Knights of Labor symbol: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/a/a7/KOLlarge.jpeg Uriah Stevens: http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/images/stevens_u.jpg Samuel Gompers: http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/BritannicaConcise/images/24735.jpg IBEW: http://www.ibew683.org/ibew683.jpg Teamsters: http://www.focusink.com/images/teamsters_official_logo.gif PSEA: http://cattyea.org/images/psea2.png Strike: http://weblogs.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/blog/strike.jpg American Workers’ Union Strike: http://www3.niu.edu/~td0raf1/radicalunionism/548_214_Hooverville_street_protest_zm.jpg Writers’ Strike: http://flowtv.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/wga9.jpg Sit down strike 1937: http://info.detnews.com/dn/history/labor/images/flint1.gif Lyndhurst: http://www.lyndhurst.org/images/LyndhurstFront.jpg Biltmore: http://www.biltmore.com/images/content/biltmore_img_media.jpg

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